Genetically stable CRISPR-based kill switches for engineered microbes.

Genetically stable CRISPR-based kill switches for engineered microbes.
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DOI:
10.1038/s41467-022-28163-5
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发表时间:
2022-02-03
影响因子:
16.6
通讯作者:
Moon TS
Moon TS
中科院分区:
综合性期刊1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Rottinghaus AG;Ferreiro A;Fishbein SRS;Dantas G;Moon TS

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微生物生物遏制是工程安全的下一代活体治疗的基本目标。然而,生物防护电路的遗传稳定性,包括切断开关,是一个必须解决的挑战。杀死开关是最难维持的电路之一,因为它们施加了强大的选择压力,导致逃逸突变群体进化的高潜力。在这里,我们在益生菌大肠杆菌Nissle 1917中设计了两个基于CRISPR的杀死开关,一个是单输入化学响应开关,另一个是双输入化学和温度响应开关。我们采用平行的策略来解决杀死开关的稳定性,包括电路内的功能冗余,SOS反应的调制,不依赖抗生素的质粒维持,以及由密切相关的菌株提供的内生态位竞争。我们证明,无论是杀死开关的菌株可以选择性地和有效地杀死小鼠肠道内,而菌株窝藏2输入开关时,排泄额外杀死。利用冗余策略,我们展示了我们的杀死开关菌株的强大生物遏制,并为未来的杀死开关开发提供了模板。生物遏制是开发安全的基因工程微生物(GEM)的关键。在这里,作者展示了遗传稳定的基于CRISPR的杀死开关,可以控制GEM在动物宿主中的生存能力,使其能够安全地应用于生物医学。
Microbial biocontainment is an essential goal for engineering safe, next-generation living therapeutics. However, the genetic stability of biocontainment circuits, including kill switches, is a challenge that must be addressed. Kill switches are among the most difficult circuits to maintain due to the strong selection pressure they impart, leading to high potential for evolution of escape mutant populations. Here we engineer two CRISPR-based kill switches in the probiotic Escherichia coli Nissle 1917, a single-input chemical-responsive switch and a 2-input chemical- and temperature-responsive switch. We employ parallel strategies to address kill switch stability, including functional redundancy within the circuit, modulation of the SOS response, antibiotic-independent plasmid maintenance, and provision of intra-niche competition by a closely related strain. We demonstrate that strains harboring either kill switch can be selectively and efficiently killed inside the murine gut, while strains harboring the 2-input switch are additionally killed upon excretion. Leveraging redundant strategies, we demonstrate robust biocontainment of our kill switch strains and provide a template for future kill switch development. Biocontainment is a key to developing safe genetically-engineered microbes (GEMs). Here the authors demonstrate genetically stable CRISPR-based kill switches that control GEMs’ viability in animal hosts, enabling their safe biomedical applications.
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