Current Status of Epitranscriptomic Marks Affecting lncRNA Structures and Functions.
Current Status of Epitranscriptomic Marks Affecting lncRNA Structures and Functions.
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长链非编码rna （Long non-coding rna, lncRNAs）是一类长度超过200个核苷酸的非蛋白质编码rna。大多数哺乳动物基因组被转录为RNA，然而只有一小部分转录的RNA对应于蛋白质编码基因的外显子。因此，lncrna的数量预计将比蛋白质编码基因的数量高出数倍。由于lncrna的数量庞大，通常很难阐明所有lncrna的功能，特别是那些与它们的结合伙伴（如DNA、RNA和蛋白质）的关系所产生的功能。由于lncrna与其他大分子的结合，lncrna的结构明显影响其功能。在这方面，最近发展的表观转录组学（研究RNA修饰的研究领域）对进一步阐明lncrna的结构和功能变得重要。本文综述了受表转录组标记影响的lncRNA结构和功能的研究现状。
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) belong to a class of non-protein-coding RNAs with their lengths longer than 200 nucleotides. Most of the mammalian genome is transcribed as RNA, yet only a small percent of the transcribed RNA corresponds to exons of protein-coding genes. Thus, the number of lncRNAs is predicted to be several times higher than that of protein-coding genes. Because of sheer number of lncRNAs, it is often difficult to elucidate the functions of all lncRNAs, especially those arising from their relationship to their binding partners, such as DNA, RNA, and proteins. Due to their binding to other macromolecules, it has become evident that the structures of lncRNAs influence their functions. In this regard, the recent development of epitranscriptomics (the field of study to investigate RNA modifications) has become important to further elucidate the structures and functions of lncRNAs. In this review, the current status of lncRNA structures and functions influenced by epitranscriptomic marks is discussed.