Toward a decolonial turn in resilience thinking in disasters: Example of the Mapuche from southern Chile on the frontlines and faultlines
Toward a decolonial turn in resilience thinking in disasters: Example of the Mapuche from southern Chile on the frontlines and faultlines
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DOI：
10.1016/j.ijdrr.2016.08.027
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发表时间：
2016-10-01
影响因子：
5
通讯作者：
Atallah, Devin G.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Atallah, Devin G.
复原力思维已成为关于减少灾害风险和应急响应与恢复的全球论述的前沿。长期以来，社会正义框架一直是复原力思维的一部分，将多方面的灾难概念化为由身体、心理和社会政治动态之间的相互作用造成的，这些因素对边缘化社区的影响不成比例，特别是在全球南方。智利南部就是一个令人心酸的例子，马普切等被边缘化的土著社区经常面临地震、海啸、洪水和火山爆发等社会自然灾害。然而，马普切社区的复原力不仅包括对这些反复发生的重大“快速发作”灾难的反应，还包括对系统性边缘化和日常“缓慢发作”的社会政治灾难的复杂遗产的反应，包括定居者殖民化的历史和持续的不平等。在许多马普切社区中，通往恢复力的道路并不仅仅依靠个人或集体的能力来减少非历史性和非政治化灾难的风险。相反，环境危机和种族化的后殖民政治的复杂性和交叉点体现在土著家庭和社区的日常生活中。因此，为了改进有助于在多方面灾害中探索复杂动态的框架，本文提供了一个简短的文献综述，概述了几十年来出现的人类复原力研究的三个一般主题或浪潮。本文还介绍了马普切-智利冲突中的关键历史和背景因素，支持将非殖民化框架纳入日益跨学科的DRR项目的论点，特别是对全球南方历史上被殖民群体和边缘化社区的敏感性和适用性。(C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd.版权所有。
Resilience thinking has moved into the forefront of global discourses on Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR) and emergency response and recovery. Social justice frameworks have long been part of resilience thinking, conceptualizing multifaceted disasters as caused by interplays between physical, psychological, and sociopolitical dynamics that disproportionately impact marginalized communities, particularly in the Global South. Southern Chile is a poignant example, whereby marginalized indigenous communities, such as the Mapuche, are exposed to recurrent socionatural disasters, including earthquakes, tsunamis, floods, and volcanic eruptions. Resilience in Mapuche communities, however, does not only include responses to these repeated major 'rapid onset' disasters, but also to complex legacies of systematic marginalization and daily 'slow onset' sociopolitical disasters including histories of settler colonization and ongoing inequities. Pathways toward resilience in many Mapuche communities do not simply rely on capacities of individuals or collectives to reduce risks to ahistoricized and depoliticized disasters. On the contrary, the very complexities of and intersections across environmental crises and racialized post colonial politics are manifest in daily indigenous family and community life. Thus, in an effort to improve frameworks useful for exploring complex dynamics in multifaceted disasters, the current paper provides a brief literature review outlining three general themes or Waves' of research on human resilience that have emerged throughout the decades. Key historical and contextual elements in the Mapuche-Chilean conflict are also introduced, supporting arguments for incorporating decolonization frameworks into the increasingly transdisciplinary projects of DRR with particular sensitivity and applicability to historically colonized groups and marginalized communities across the Global South. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.