A review on COVID-19 transmission, epidemiological features, prevention and vaccination.
A review on COVID-19 transmission, epidemiological features, prevention and vaccination.
复制标题
DOI：
10.1515/mr-2021-0023
复制
发表时间：
2022-02-01
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2（SARS-CoV-2）在过去两年中已造成数亿人感染，数百万人死亡。目前，许多国家仍未能控制这一流行病。在此回顾中，我们从病毒传播、公共卫生控制措施、COVID-19疫苗的开发和接种等角度，系统总结了我们为缓解COVID-19疫情所做的工作。作为一种最有可能来自蝙蝠的病毒，SARS-CoV-2可能通过空气、粪口、垂直或食源性途径在人群中传播。我们的荟萃分析表明，COVID-19的R 0为2.9（95%CI：2.7-3.1），非洲和欧洲的估计值可能更高。非药物干预措施（包括封锁、隔离、社交距离和口罩等）可使中位Rt下降23-96%。综合干预和封锁是控制大流行的最有效措施。根据我们荟萃分析中的汇总R 0，全世界至少有93.3%（95%CI：89.9-96.2%）的人接种了疫苗。疫苗数量有限和疫苗分配不公平的问题需要更多的国际合作，以实现抗疫目标和疫苗接种公平。
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has caused hundreds of millions of infections and millions of deaths over past two years. Currently, many countries have still not been able to take the pandemic under control. In this review, we systematically summarized what we have done to mitigate the COVID-19 pandemic, from the perspectives of virus transmission, public health control measures, to the development and vaccination of COVID-19 vaccines. As a virus most likely coming from bats, the SARS-CoV-2 may transmit among people via airborne, faecal-oral, vertical or foodborne routes. Our meta-analysis suggested that the R0 of COVID-19 was 2.9 (95% CI: 2.7–3.1), and the estimates in Africa and Europe could be higher. The median Rt could decrease by 23–96% following the nonpharmacological interventions, including lockdown, isolation, social distance, and face mask, etc. Comprehensive intervention and lockdown were the most effective measures to control the pandemic. According to the pooled R0 in our meta-analysis, there should be at least 93.3% (95% CI: 89.9–96.2%) people being vaccinated around the world. Limited amount of vaccines and the inequity issues in vaccine allocation call for more international cooperation to achieve the anti-epidemic goals and vaccination fairness.