The Ectocarpus genome and the independent evolution of multicellularity in brown algae
The Ectocarpus genome and the independent evolution of multicellularity in brown algae
复制标题
DOI：
10.1038/nature09016
复制
发表时间：
2010-06-03
期刊：
影响因子：
64.8
通讯作者：
Wincker, Patrick
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Cock, J. Mark;Sterck, Lieven;Wincker, Patrick
褐藻（褐藻纲）是复杂的光合生物，与绿色植物有着非常不同的进化历史，它们只是远亲（1）。这些海藻是岩石海岸生态系统中的主要物种，它们对这些通常是恶劣的环境表现出许多有趣的适应性。褐藻也是少数进化出复杂多细胞的真核生物之一（图1）。我们报道了丝状海藻硅壳海葵（Ectocarpus siliculosus，迪尔温）Lyngbye的2.14亿个碱基对（Mbp）的基因组序列，其是褐藻的模式生物（2-5），与海带密切相关（6，7）（图1）。基因组特征，如存在一套扩展的光捕获和色素生物合成基因和新的代谢过程，如卤化物代谢，有助于解释这种生物体的能力，以科普高度多变的潮汐环境。该谱系中多细胞性的进化与丰富的信号转导基因阵列的存在相关。特别令人感兴趣的是受体激酶家族的存在，因为相关分子的独立进化与动物和绿色植物谱系中多细胞性的出现有关。Ectocarpus基因组序列代表了将该生物体开发为模式物种的重要一步，提供了将基因组和遗传（2）方法联合收割机结合起来以进一步探索褐藻生物学的这些和其他（4，5）方面的可能性。
Brown algae (Phaeophyceae) are complex photosynthetic organisms with a very different evolutionary history to green plants, to which they are only distantly related(1). These seaweeds are the dominant species in rocky coastal ecosystems and they exhibit many interesting adaptations to these, often harsh, environments. Brown algae are also one of only a small number of eukaryotic lineages that have evolved complex multicellularity (Fig. 1). We report the 214 million base pair (Mbp) genome sequence of the filamentous seaweed Ectocarpus siliculosus (Dillwyn) Lyngbye, a model organism for brown algae(2-5), closely related to the kelps(6,7) (Fig. 1). Genome features such as the presence of an extended set of light-harvesting and pigment biosynthesis genes and new metabolic processes such as halide metabolism help explain the ability of this organism to cope with the highly variable tidal environment. The evolution of multicellularity in this lineage is correlated with the presence of a rich array of signal transduction genes. Of particular interest is the presence of a family of receptor kinases, as the independent evolution of related molecules has been linked with the emergence of multicellularity in both the animal and green plant lineages. The Ectocarpus genome sequence represents an important step towards developing this organism as a model species, providing the possibility to combine genomic and genetic(2) approaches to explore these and other(4,5) aspects of brown algal biology further.