What is Issue Competition? Conflict, Consensus and Issue Ownership in Party Competition
What is Issue Competition? Conflict, Consensus and Issue Ownership in Party Competition
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什么是问题竞争？
DOI：
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发表时间：
2014
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Simon Persico
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Isabelle Guinaudeau;Simon Persico
摘要对议题竞争的实证评估既缺乏“政策议题”概念的概念精确度，也缺乏整合显著视角和立场视角的充分研究。这一条明确了“政策问题”的可操作性定义，适用于分析选举领域内外的问题竞争，并提出了一种选举问题的类型学，其中考虑到问题竞争的两个方面--解决问题的决定，以及对该问题采取不同或类似立场的情况。这种类型学可以区分专有性、合意性、模糊性和矛盾性问题。通过对英国、法国和德国政党的选举宣言中与欧盟相关的问题的分析，说明了这一框架。这一来源没有使我们能够确定任何模糊的问题，但我们的探索性研究提供了关于其他问题类型的几个结论。原问题似乎是边缘问题，这表明当事方倾向于关注相同的问题，问题的所有权问题争论不休。我们还注意到，在与欧盟有关的讨论中，特别是在执政党之间，共识是至高无上的。
Abstract Empirical assessments of issue competition lack both conceptual precision in the use of the concept of “policy issue”, and sufficient studies integrating both salience and positional perspectives. This article specifies an operational definition of a “policy issue” suited for the analysis of issue competition in the electoral arena and beyond, and proposes a typology of electoral issues that takes into account the two sides of issue competition – the decision to address an issue, and the adoption of a diverging or similar position on it. This typology allows distinguishing proprietal, consensual, blurred and conflictual issues. The framework is illustrated with an analysis of EU-related issues in the electoral manifestos of British, French and German parties. This source did not enable us to identify any blurred issue, but our exploratory study delivers several conclusions regarding the other issue types. Proprietal issues appear to be marginal, indicating that parties tend to devote attention to the same issues and that issue ownership is highly contested. We further observe a primacy of consensus in EU-related discourses, especially among governing parties.