Yellow Fever Protection Test Surveys in the French Gameroons, French Equatorial Africa, the Belgian Congo, and Angola.
Yellow Fever Protection Test Surveys in the French Gameroons, French Equatorial Africa, the Belgian Congo, and Angola.
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DOI：
10.1016/s0035-9203(34)90064-x
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发表时间：
1934-01-01
影响因子：
2.2
通讯作者：
Paul, J. H.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Beeuwkes, H.;Mahaffy, A. F.;Paul, J. H.
详细介绍了黄热病防护测试调查的结果，该调查涵盖了法属喀麦隆、法属赤道非洲、比属刚果和安哥拉 108 个城镇的 4, 828 个样本的检查。比利时代表团以及 BOYE 和 JORGE 先前发表了类似研究的结果 [本公告，卷 1]。 31，第831-832页]，除法属赤道非洲外，阳性血清的百分比远低于西非本土，可能是因为这些地区的条件相对不利于黄热病感染的维持。尽管最近和过去都发生过广泛的流行病，但目前整个地区似乎都排除了流行病。在法属赤道非洲 1，对 643 个样本进行了检查，其中 18-4% 呈阳性，但该殖民地从未报告过黄热病病例，尽管保护测试表明该疾病肯定在近年来发生了广泛的流行。在内陆地区的许多城镇，包括英埃苏丹边境附近的几个城镇，获得了高比例的阳性血清。沿海地区的调查结果表明，近年来的发病率几乎可以忽略不计。在法属喀麦隆，在 9 个城镇采集的 496 份样本中，只有 3.6% 的样本呈阳性。儿童几乎完全呈阴性，而成年人的样本仅在两个城镇中显示出相当比例的阳性。比属刚果的调查包括对来自 43 个城镇的 740 个样本进行了检查，其中 8.8% 呈阳性。近年来，内部似乎完全没有黄热病，但过去也曾经历过这种疾病。刚果河和乌班吉河沿岸城镇的结果表明，感染有可能通过河流运输进入法属赤道非洲内陆地区。对安哥拉949个样本的检查结果显示，只有11个呈阳性，而在比属刚果南部和东南部以及整个安哥拉，检测结果几乎呈阴性，这表明黄热病在这些方向的入侵已达到极限。 [JORGE 记录的结果（本公报，第 31 卷，第 832 页）似乎表明，来自安哥拉的 950 份血清中有 44 份呈阳性。这些数字来自作者的表格（第 1402 页），该表格对结果进行了总结，其中阳性和可疑血清的百分比相加，给出了发病率比实际情况高四倍的错误印象。] E. H. 为确定非洲黄热病发病率而进行的保护测试调查 [R.A.E., B 22 173] 已进一步扩展 [cf. 22 176]，本文记录了在法属喀麦隆、法属赤道非洲、比属刚果和安哥拉开展的工作结果，对来自 108 个城镇的 4, 828 份血清标本进行了检查。以下内容摘自作者的总结：除法属赤道非洲内陆地区外，这些群体中获得的阳性血清百分比远低于先前调查的群体[22 173]，可能是因为该地区的条件相对不利于黄热病感染的维持。尽管一些地区出现了大范围的流行，但这种疾病似乎并没有流行。法属赤道非洲从未报告过这种情况，但在内陆地区的积极发现表明，近年来以及更遥远的过去曾发生过广泛的流行病，并且该地区不存在阻碍黄热病传播到东非的障碍。该殖民地沿海地区的调查结果表明，虽然过去曾发生过一定数量的黄热病，但近年来的发病率实际上可以忽略不计。杜阿拉血清中的完全阴性结果和法属喀麦隆儿童血清中阳性结果的总体百分比较低表明，黄热病不是通过该殖民地传入法属赤道非洲的。关于比属刚果，下刚果省下游的调查结果表明，1927-28 年黄热病流行所涉及的城镇比发现该病的两个城镇（马塔迪和博马）还要多。然而，这种流行病并不是特别广泛，因为马永贝人似乎逃脱了感染，而且利奥波德维尔和内陆地区的调查结果表明该疾病并未在那里立足。尽管过去黄热病曾在后者地区发生过，但近年来似乎几乎完全消失了。刚果河和乌班吉河沿岸城镇的结果表明，感染可能通过河流运输进入法属赤道非洲内陆地区。比属刚果南部和东南部地区以及整个安哥拉的实际阴性结果表明，黄热病在这些方向的分布已达到极限。
Details are given of the results of a yellow fever protection test survey covering the examination of 4, 828 specimens in 108 towns of the French Cameroons, French Equatorial Africa, the Belgian Congo, and Angola. Results of similar studies have beeir previously published by the Belgian Mission, and also by BOYE and JORGE [this Bulletin, Vol. 31, pp. 831-832], Except in French Equatorial Africa the percentages of positive sera were much lower than in West Africa proper, probably owing to the fact that conditions in these regions are relatively unfavourable to the maintenance of yellow fever infection. Although extensive epidemics have occurred both recently and in the past, at present endemicity seems to be excluded throughout this entire region. In French Equatorial Africa 1, 643 specimens were examined and 18-4 per cent, were positive, but no case of yellow fever has ever been reported from the Colony in spite of the fact that the protection tests indicate that extensive epidemics of the disease must have occurred within recent years. High percentages of positive sera were obtained in many towns in the interior including several near the border of the Anglo-Egyptian Sudan. The findings in the coastal area indicate that the incidence during recent years has been almost negligible. In the French Cameroons only 3.6 per cent, were positive in 496 specimens collected in nine towns. The children were almost completely negative and the specimens from adults showed a fair percentage of positives in only two towns. The survey in the Belgian Congo included the examination of 1, 740 specimens from 43 towns, and 8.8 per cent, of these were positive. The interior seems to have been completely free from yellow fever during recent years, but has experienced the disease in the past. The results in towns along the Congo and Oubangui rivers suggest the possibility of the infection being carried into the interior of French Equatorial Africa by river traffic. The results of the examination of 949 specimens from Angola showed only 11 positive, and the practically negative findings in the south and south-eastern portions of the Belgian Congo and throughout Angola, indicate that the limits of yellow fever invasion in these directions have been reached. [The results recorded by JORGE (this Bulletin, Vol. 31, p. 832) seemed to indicate that 44 out of 950 sera from Angola were positive. These figures were derived from the author's table (p. 1402) giving a summary of the results, in which the percentages of positive and doubtful sera were totalled, giving the erroneous impression of an incidence four times higher than was actually the case.] E. H.The protection test surveys that are being carried out to determine the incidence of yellow fever in Africa [R.A.E., B 22 173] have been further extended [cf. 22 176], and the present paper records the results of work carried out in French Kamerun, French Equatorial Africa, the Belgian Congo and Angola, when 4, 828 specimens of sera from 108 towns were examined. The following is taken from the authors' summary: Except in the interior of French Equatorial Africa, the percentages of positive sera obtained in these colonies were much lower than in those previously surveyed [22 173], probably owing to the fact that conditions in this region are relatively unfavourable for the maintenance of yellow fever infection. Although extensive epidemics have occurred in some parts, the disease seems to be nowhere endemic. It has never been reported from French Equatorial Africa, but positive findings in the interior showed that extensive epidemics had occurred within recent years as well as in the more distant past, and that there is no barrier in this region to the spread of yellow fever into East Africa. Findings in the coastal area of this Colony indicate that although a certain amount of yellow fever has occurred in the past, the incidence has been practically negligible in recent years. The completely negative findings among sera from Duala and the low percentage of positive results in general among the sera of children in French Kamerun suggest that yellow fever was not introduced into French Equatorial Africa through this Colony. Regarding the Belgian Congo, the findings in the lower Bas Congo indicate that the yellow fever epidemic of 1927-28 involved more towns than the two (Matadi and Boma) in which the disease was recognised. The epidemic was not particularly extensive, however, as the Mayumbe appear to have escaped infection, and findings in Leopoldville and the interior indicate that the disease did not gain a foothold there. Though in the past yellow fever occurred in the latter region, it seems to have been almost completely absent during recent years. Results from towns along the Congo and Ubangui Rivers suggest that infection may have been carried into the interior of French Equatorial Africa by means of river traffic. The practically negative findings in the south and south-eastern portions of the Belgian Congo and throughout Angola indicate that the limits of the distribution of yellow fever in these directions have been reached.