The Impact of Natural Disasters on Domestic Violence: An Analysis of Reports of Simple Assault in Florida (1999-2007)
The Impact of Natural Disasters on Domestic Violence: An Analysis of Reports of Simple Assault in Florida (1999-2007)
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DOI：
10.1089/vio.2017.0077
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发表时间：
2018-06-01
影响因子：
1.5
通讯作者：
Horney, Jennifer A.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Gearhart, Sera;Perez-Patron, Maria;Horney, Jennifer A.
全世界的自然灾害越来越频繁，越来越严重。已发表的文献广泛表明，个人易受自然灾害影响的程度与社会分层之间存在关联，对妇女、少数民族和种族以及老年人的过度负面影响尤为严重。具体而言，几项研究表明，自然灾害或其他极端事件与人际暴力发生率之间存在正相关关系。在灾后时期经历IPV的人可能会面临独特的障碍，包括失去安全住房的机会，以及需要与家人呆在一起才有资格获得或获得经济援助和其他类型的灾难援助。为了评估暴露于自然灾害和IPV报告之间的潜在联系，作者使用了联邦应急管理局和佛罗里达执法部汇编的数据。差异中的差异分析包括9年期间（1999-2007年）佛罗里达67个县报告的819,684起袭击事件。长期暴露于自然灾害（>199天的重大宣布灾难）与佛罗里达县简单袭击报告的增加有关。佛罗里达居民长期暴露在灾难中，使县级袭击事件的预期数量每年增加约78起。由于安全住房有限和社区网络的丧失，灾后恢复背景下的家庭暴力具有潜在的独特影响。随着全球灾害频率和严重程度的增加，救灾计划应在IPV增加的背景下提供支持。
Natural disasters are increasing in frequency and severity worldwide. Associations between individual-level vulnerability to natural disasters and social stratification have been widely demonstrated in the published literature, with excess negative impacts disproportionately affecting women, ethnic and racial minorities, and the elderly. Specifically, several studies have demonstrated a positive relationship between exposure to natural disasters or other extreme events and rates of interpersonal violence (IPV). People experiencing IPV in the postdisaster period may face unique barriers, including loss of access to safe housing and a need to remain with family to qualify for or obtain financial assistance and other types of disaster aid. To assess the potential association between exposure to natural disasters and reports of IPV, the authors used data compiled by the Federal Emergency Management Agency and the Florida Department of Law Enforcement. The Difference in Differences analysis included 819,684 reported assaults in 67 Florida counties over a 9-year period (1999-2007). Longer-lasting exposure to natural disaster (>199 days of major declared disaster) was associated with an increase in reports of simple assault in Florida counties. Longer-lasting exposure to disaster among Florida residents increased the expected number of assaults at the county level by approximately 78 per year. Domestic violence in the disaster recovery context carries potentially unique implications due to limited safe housing and loss of community networks. As the frequency and severity of disasters increase globally, disaster relief programs should provide support within this context of increased IPV.