Revisiting Mt Fuji’s groundwater origins with helium, vanadium and environmental DNA tracers
Revisiting Mt Fuji’s groundwater origins with helium, vanadium and environmental DNA tracers
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DOI：
10.1038/s44221-022-00001-4
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发表时间：
2023-01
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通讯作者：
O. Schilling;K. Nagaosa;T. U. Schilling;M. Brennwald;R. Sohrin;Y. Tomonaga;P. Brunner;R. Kipfer;K. Kato
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文献类型：
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作者：
O. Schilling;K. Nagaosa;T. U. Schilling;M. Brennwald;R. Sohrin;Y. Tomonaga;P. Brunner;R. Kipfer;K. Kato
千年来，日本标志性的富士山通过庞大的地下水和淡水泉网络为数百万人提供了安全的饮用水。地下水在高海拔地区补给，在三个玄武岩含水层中沿着富士山的侧翼流下，最终在富士山的山麓形成了无数的原始淡水泉。在这里，我们挑战目前的概念模型，富士是一个简单的系统，层流地下水流很少或没有垂直交换其三个含水层。这个模型与富士山的极端构造不稳定性形成强烈对比，因为它位于唯一已知的大陆沟-沟-沟三重连接点之上的独特位置，其复杂的地质和不寻常的微生物泉水群落。在微生物环境DNA，钒和氦示踪剂的独特组合的基础上，我们提供了证据，普遍的深循环和以前未知的深层地下水贡献富士的淡水泉。最大的深层地下水上涌已被发现沿着日本最活跃的地区，富士川加古断层带。我们的研究结果拓宽了对富士山的水文地质认识，并展示了将环境DNA、现场惰性气体和微量元素分析结合起来用于地下水科学的巨大潜力。
Known locally as the water mountain, for millennia Japan’s iconic Mt Fuji has provided safe drinking water to millions of people via a vast network of groundwater and freshwater springs. Groundwater, which is recharged at high elevations, flows down Fuji’s flanks within three basaltic aquifers, ultimately forming countless pristine freshwater springs among Fuji’s foothills. Here we challenge the current conceptual model of Fuji being a simple system of laminar groundwater flow with little to no vertical exchange between its three aquifers. This model contrasts strongly with Fuji’s extreme tectonic instability due to its unique location on top of the only known continental trench–trench–trench triple junction, its complex geology and its unusual microbial spring water communities. On the basis of a unique combination of microbial environmental DNA, vanadium and helium tracers, we provide evidence for prevailing deep circulation and a previously unknown deep groundwater contribution to Fuji’s freshwater springs. The most substantial deep groundwater upwelling has been found along Japan’s most tectonically active region, the Fujikawa-kako Fault Zone. Our findings broaden the hydrogeological understanding of Fuji and demonstrate the vast potential of combining environmental DNA, on-site noble gas and trace element analyses for groundwater science.