Activation of the cold-receptor TRPM8 by low levels of menthol in tobacco products
Activation of the cold-receptor TRPM8 by low levels of menthol in tobacco products
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DOI：
10.1016/j.toxlet.2017.02.020
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发表时间：
2017-04-05
影响因子：
3.5
通讯作者：
Luch, Andreas
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Paschke, Meike;Tkachenko, Anna;Luch, Andreas
薄荷醇或其他烟草添加剂激活寒冷受体TRPM8可以抑制自然防御反应，例如咳嗽，这种反应通常会作为对烟雾吸入的无意识抵抗而变得有效。在欧洲，薄荷醇仅作为香料进行监管，但只要最终产品烟草中不会出现明显的薄荷样香气，就可以用作添加剂。需要解决的问题是，这种相对较小的内容是否足以触发 TRPM8 的可测量激活。在这项研究中，我们分析了烟草产品中薄荷醇和其他天然 TRPM8 激动剂的含量，并开发了一种生物测定法来确定所选激动剂在培养细胞中激活 TRPM8 受体的最低浓度。数据证实薄荷醇是所研究的最强的天然激动剂。根据这些实验和之前发表的数据，我们估计了卷烟烟雾和烟草中预计会引发可测量的生理效应的最低薄荷醇浓度。根据我们的评估，当香烟中薄荷醇含量超过 50 微克时，TRPM8 很可能被激活。重要的是，香烟中的薄荷醇含量远低于需要声明为“薄荷醇”的典型水平，足以激活感觉受体。 (C) 2017 年作者。由爱思唯尔爱尔兰有限公司出版
Activation of the cold-receptor TRPM8 by menthol or other tobacco additives can suppress natural defense reactions such as coughing that usually would become effective as involuntary resistance against the inhalation of fumes. In Europe menthol is only regulated as flavor, but can be used as additive as long as no characteristic mint-like aroma will become noticeable in the end-product tobacco. The question needs to be addressed of whether such comparatively minor contents would be sufficient to trigger a measurable activation of TRPM8. In this study, we have analyzed both the contents of menthol and other natural TRPM8 agonists in tobacco products and developed a bioassay to determine the minimum concentrations of selected agonists to activate the TRPM8 receptor in cultured cells. The data confirm menthol as strongest natural agonist investigated. Based on these experiments and previously published data, we have estimated both the minimum menthol concentrations in cigarette smoke and in tobacco that are expected to trigger measurable physiological effects. According to our assessments, TRPM8 activation is likely to occur when cigarettes contain more than 50 micrograms of menthol. Importantly, menthol contents in cigarettes far below the typical levels that require declaration as "mentholated" would be sufficient to activate sensory receptors. (C) 2017 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd.