Economic implications of 3D printing: Market structure models in light of additive manufacturing revisited
Economic implications of 3D printing: Market structure models in light of additive manufacturing revisited
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DOI：
10.1016/j.ijpe.2015.02.020
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发表时间：
2015-06-01
影响因子：
12
通讯作者：
Piller, Frank T.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Weller, Christian;Kleer, Robin;Piller, Frank T.
增材制造（AM），俗称3D打印，目前正被视为一场新工业革命的火花。由于不需要工具和模具，该技术允许人们在制造过程中制造定制产品而不会产生任何成本损失。此外，增材制造能够在一步过程中生产复杂和集成的功能设计，从而也可能减少对装配工作的需求。在本文中，我们讨论了增材制造技术在企业和行业层面的影响。我们的目的是从运营管理的角度来辨别市场结构将如何受到影响。基于对已建立的经济模型的分析，我们首先确定了增材制造的经济和技术特征，并从企业层面提炼出与制造商相关的四个关键原则。然后，当这四个原则适用时，我们通过分析模型中早期假设的有效性，批判性地评估AM在行业层面的影响。在此过程中，我们得出了一组七个命题，为未来的研究提供了动力。特别是，我们提出在垄断中，AM的采用允许企业在灵活生产定制产品时通过捕获消费者剩余来增加利润。与此同时，在竞争激烈的市场中，AM可能会降低市场准入门槛，并提供同时服务多个市场的能力，从而刺激了竞争。这将最终为消费者带来更低的价格。(C) 2015 Elsevier B.V.版权所有
Additive manufacturing (AM), colloquially known as 3D printing, is currently being promoted as the spark of a new industrial revolution. The technology allows one to make customized products without incurring any cost penalties in manufacturing as neither tools nor molds are required. Moreover, AM enables the production of complex and integrated functional designs in a one-step process, thereby also potentially reducing the need for assembly work. In this article, we discuss' the impact of AM technology at both firm and industry level. Our intention is to discern how market structures will be affected from an operations management perspective. Based on an analysis of established economic models, we first identify the economic and technological characteristics of AM and distill four key principles relevant to manufacturers at firm level. We then critically assess the effects of AM at industry level by analyzing the validity of earlier assumptions in the models when these four principles apply. In so doing, we derive a set of seven propositions which provide impetus for future research. In particular, we propose that in a monopoly, the adoption of AM allows a firm to increase profits by capturing consumer surplus when flexibly producing customized products. Meanwhile in competitive markets, competition is spurred as AM may lower barriers to market entry and offers the ability to serve multiple markets at once. This should ultimately result in lower prices for consumers. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.