A Framework for Responding to Coral Disease Outbreaks that Facilitates Adaptive Management
A Framework for Responding to Coral Disease Outbreaks that Facilitates Adaptive Management
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DOI：
10.1007/s00267-011-9770-9
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发表时间：
2012-01-01
影响因子：
3.5
通讯作者：
Willis, Bette L.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Beeden, Roger;Maynard, Jeffrey A.;Willis, Bette L.
与气候变化有关的珊瑚疾病爆发的预测增加对珊瑚礁生态系统以及依赖它们的人和行业产生影响。珊瑚礁管理人员必须了解这些影响，并有能力评估和减少风险，发现和控制疫情，监测和尽量减少影响。在这里，我们提出了一个珊瑚病应对框架，该框架有四个核心组成部分：（1）预警系统，（2）分层影响评估计划，（3）规模化管理行动和（4）沟通计划。预警系统将监测依赖温度的珊瑚疾病爆发风险的预测工具与定期报告珊瑚健康和珊瑚礁状况的观察员网络提供的现场观察相结合。经核实的疾病流行率上升的报告会引发更详细的影响评估、有针对性的研究和/或管理行动的分层反应。应对措施根据疫情造成的风险进行调整，这是影响的严重程度和空间范围的函数。我们审查潜在的管理行动，以减轻珊瑚疾病的影响，促进恢复，考虑新出现的战略独特的珊瑚疾病和更成熟的战略，以支持珊瑚礁的复原力。我们还描述了沟通珊瑚疾病爆发的方法，这将解决常见的误解，提高人们对珊瑚疾病威胁的认识。通过采用这一框架，管理人员和研究人员可以建立一个实践社区，并可以根据当地需要制定应对计划，以管理珊瑚病的爆发。我们建议的管理人员和研究人员之间的合作，将使适应性管理疾病的影响后，评估新兴的应对行动的成本效益和逐步提高我们的理解爆发的原因。
Predicted increases in coral disease outbreaks associated with climate change have implications for coral reef ecosystems and the people and industries that depend on them. It is critical that coral reef managers understand these implications and have the ability to assess and reduce risk, detect and contain outbreaks, and monitor and minimise impacts. Here, we present a coral disease response framework that has four core components: (1) an early warning system, (2) a tiered impact assessment program, (3) scaled management actions and (4) a communication plan. The early warning system combines predictive tools that monitor the risk of outbreaks of temperature-dependent coral diseases with in situ observations provided by a network of observers who regularly report on coral health and reef state. Verified reports of an increase in disease prevalence trigger a tiered response of more detailed impact assessment, targeted research and/or management actions. The response is scaled to the risk posed by the outbreak, which is a function of the severity and spatial extent of the impacts. We review potential management actions to mitigate coral disease impacts and facilitate recovery, considering emerging strategies unique to coral disease and more established strategies to support reef resilience. We also describe approaches to communicating about coral disease outbreaks that will address common misperceptions and raise awareness of the coral disease threat. By adopting this framework, managers and researchers can establish a community of practice and can develop response plans for the management of coral disease outbreaks based on local needs. The collaborations between managers and researchers we suggest will enable adaptive management of disease impacts following evaluating the cost-effectiveness of emerging response actions and incrementally improving our understanding of outbreak causation.