Detection of virulence to wheat stem rust resistance gene Sr31 in Puccinia graminis. f. sp. tritici in Uganda
Detection of virulence to wheat stem rust resistance gene Sr31 in Puccinia graminis. f. sp. tritici in Uganda
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DOI：
10.1094/pdis.2000.84.2.203b
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发表时间：
2000-02-01
期刊：
影响因子：
4.5
通讯作者：
Payne, T. S.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Pretorius, Z. A.;Singh, R. P.;Payne, T. S.
在世界大部分地区，小麦对由禾柄锈菌引起的秆锈病的抗性。triglycersp.triglycersp.triglycersp.triglycersp.triglycersp.triglycersp.triglycersp.triglycersp.triglycersp.triglycersp.triglycersp.triglycersp.triglycersp.triglycersp.triglycersp.triglycersp.triglycersp.triglycersp.triglycersp.triglycersp.triglycersp.triglycersp.triglycersp.triglycersp.triglycersp.triglycersp.triglycersp.triglycersp.triglycersp.triglycersp.triglycersp.triglycersp.triglycersp.triglycersp.triglycersp.triglycer 1999年2月，在乌干达Kalengyere研究站的一个苗圃中，观察到小麦（Triticum aestivum）的茎锈病感染程度很高。由于已知几个锈性材料携带1BL-1RS染色体易位，其中含有Sr31、Lr 26和Yr 9基因，因此怀疑它们对Sr31具有毒性。将从7个含Sr31的条目的锈茎中大量收集的Urediniospores悬浮在轻质矿物油中，并喷洒在南非小麦cv. Gamtoos（= Veery #3，血统：Kvz/Buho'S '//Kal/BB）。将植物在露水室中在19至21 ° C下保持过夜，然后置于18至25 ° C的温室中。14天后，夏孢子收集大的，可消化型茎锈病脓疱，随后增加的Gamtoos，作为一个选择性的主机为新的锈病培养，指定Pgt-Ug99。以含Sr31的小麦品种为试材，通过苗期试验研究了Pgt-Ug 99的致病性。所有幼苗测试在独立接种中进行至少三次。分离物Pgt-Ug 99对Avocet'S '/Yr 9（含有Sr26的澳大利亚品系）或Oom Charl（南非品种）没有毒力，但对其它Sr31测试者Alondra'S '、Bobwhite、Chokka、Clement、Federation/Kavkaz、Gamtoos、Grebe、Kavkaz、Letaba、Line E/Kavkaz、RL6078和Veery'S'有毒力。对Sr31的毒力（感染类型[ITs] 3 - 3至3 ++4）与UVPgt53（一种对Sr31无毒力的南非致病型）产生的低反应（ITs 0至1）形成鲜明对比。根据鉴别系的反应，Pgt-Ug 99对Sr 21、-22、-24、-25、-26、-27、-29、-32、-33、-34、-35、-36、-39、-40、-42和-43、Agi和Em无毒，对Sr 5、-6、-7b、-8a、-8b、-9b、-9e、-9g、-11，-15，-17，-30，-31和-38。对T.与Lr 37和Yr 17连锁并出现在来自澳大利亚、英国和美国的栽培品种中的心室衍生基因Sr 38以前是未知的（1）。Pgt-Ug99和UVPgt53都在Petkus黑麦（得自USDA-ARS国家小谷物收集中心，阿伯丁，ID）上产生了连续的IT（1至2 + 3），Petkus黑麦是原始的Sr31供体来源。在Petkus上，Pgt-Ug99没有表现出比UVPgt53更强的毒性。所有测试的黑小麦，以及燕麦品种。奥弗贝格等对Pgt-Ug 99具有高度抗性。根据McIntosh等人（1），Huerta-Espino提到了来自土耳其的aSr31毒性培养物，但这无法得到证实。如果Sr31致病型从乌干达迁移出去，它将对那些主要品种基于该基因具有抗性的国家的小麦生产构成重大威胁。a. McIntosh等人，1995年。小麦锈病：抗病基因图谱。Kluwer Academic Publishers，多尔德雷赫特，荷兰。
In much of the world, resistance to stem rust in wheat, caused byPuccinia graminisf. sp.tritici, is based at least in part on the geneSr31. During February 1999, high levels of stem rust infection were observed on entries in wheat (Triticum aestivum) grown in a nursery at Kalengyere Research Station in Uganda. Because several of the rusted entries were known to carry the 1BL-1RS chromosome translocation containing theSr31, Lr26, andYr9genes for rust resistance, virulence toSr31was suspected. Urediniospores, collected in bulk from rusted stems of seven entries containingSr31, were suspended in light mineral oil and sprayed on primary leaves of 7-day-old seedlings of South African wheat cv. Gamtoos (=Veery #3, pedigree: Kvz/Buho‘S’//Kal/BB). Plants were kept overnight at 19 to 21°C in a dew chamber before placement in a greenhouse at 18 to 25°C. After ≈14 days, urediniospores were collected from large, susceptible-type stem rust pustules and subsequently increased on Gamtoos, which served as a selective host for the new rust culture, designated Pgt-Ug99. Pathogenicity of Pgt-Ug99 was studied in seedling tests of available wheats containingSr31, as well as other stem rust differential lines. All seedling tests were conducted at least three times in independent inoculations. Isolate Pgt-Ug99 was not virulent to Avocet‘S’/Yr9(Australian line containingSr26) or Oom Charl (South African cultivar) but was virulent to the otherSr31testers: Alondra ‘S’, Bobwhite, Chokka, Clement, Federation/Kavkaz, Gamtoos, Grebe, Kavkaz, Letaba, Line E/Kavkaz, RL6078, and Veery ‘S’. Virulence toSr31(infection types [ITs] 3-3 to 3++4) was clearly contrasted by the low reactions (ITs 0; to 1) produced by UVPgt53, a South African pathotype avirulent toSr31. According to the reactions of the differential lines, Pgt-Ug99 is avirulent toSr21, -22, -24, -25, -26, -27, -29, -32, -33, -34, -35, -36, -39, -40, -42, and-43, Agi, andEmand virulent toSr5, -6, -7b, -8a, -8b, -9b, -9e, -9g, -11, -15, -17, -30, -31, and-38. Virulence to theT. ventricosum-derived geneSr38, which is linked toLr37andYr17and occurs in cultivars from Australia, the United Kingdom, and the United States, was not known previously (1). Both Pgt-Ug99 and UVPgt53 produced a continuum of ITs (; to 2+3) on Petkus rye (obtained from the USDA-ARS National Small Grains Collection, Aberdeen, ID), the originalSr31donor source. Pgt-Ug99 did not appear more virulent than UVPgt53 on Petkus. All triticales tested, as well as oat cv. Overberg, were highly resistant to Pgt-Ug99. According to McIntosh et al. (1), Huerta-Espino mentioned aSr31-virulent culture from Turkey, but this could not be confirmed. Should theSr31-virulent pathotype migrate out of Uganda, it poses a major threat to wheat production in countries where the leading cultivars have resistance based on this gene.Reference: (1) R. A. McIntosh et al. 1995. Wheat Rusts: An Atlas of Resistance Genes. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, the Netherlands.