The entomofauna of the Lower Permian fossil insect beds of Kansas and Oklahoma, USA
The entomofauna of the Lower Permian fossil insect beds of Kansas and Oklahoma, USA
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发表时间：
2007-06
影响因子：
0.3
通讯作者：
R. Beckemeyer;Joseph D. Hall
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作者：
R. Beckemeyer;Joseph D. Hall
北美中大陆的下二叠统惠灵顿组化石层以堪萨斯州埃尔莫地区而闻名。Elmo遗址已经制作了数万个标本，其中150多种昆虫被描述出来。位于埃尔莫以南约270公里处的俄克拉荷马州Midco矿床同样高产，地理上分布更广，但知名度较低。Midco床也产生了数以万计的标本，但对这种材料的研究较少，从那里发现的物种只有那里的一半。近年来，人们重新关注惠灵顿组的地质和古生物学。叙述了这些昆虫床的历史，并对昆虫区系组成作了简要回顾。共有21目53科106属近200种。大小(以平均前翼长度衡量)从1.9毫米到330毫米，平均22毫米，中位数12毫米。前翅长度大于50毫米的13种中有10种是原齿目。大多数物种是从一个或几个标本中得知的(每个物种的丰度从1个到略低于400个标本)。在已知50个或更多标本的10种中，8种是Grylloblattida(和其中6种：Lemmatophorina)，这表明这些分类群要么相当丰富，要么被优先保存，或者两者兼而有之。当回顾用于描述惠灵顿组物种的正型/新模式标本时，我们发现62%的标本由前翼组成，9%的标本是完整的标本。然而，当考虑到所有已知的标本时，48%的物种仅通过它们的前翼已知，而13%的物种现在是完整的标本，这表明继续收集和审查惠灵顿组昆虫化石的重要性。
The Lower Permian Wellington Formation fossil beds of mid-continent North America are known best for the famous Elmo, Kansas locality. The Elmo site has produced tens of thousands of specimens from which more than 150 species of insects have been described. Equally productive and more widespread geographically, but less well-known, are the Midco, Oklahoma beds located some 270 km south of Elmo. The Midco beds have also yielded tens of thousands of specimens, but the material has been less well studied, and only half as many species have been identified from there. Renewed attention has been given in recent years to both the geology and palaeontology of the Wellington Formation. The history of these insect beds is recounted and the insect faunal composition is briefly reviewed. There are nearly 200 species in 106 genera, 53 families and 21 orders. Sizes (as measured by mean forewing length) range from 1.9 mm to 330 mm, with a mean of 22 mm and a median of 12 mm. Ten of 13 species with fore wings greater than 50 mm in length are Protodonata. Most species are known from one or a few specimens (abundance ranges from 1 to just under 400 specimens per species). Of ten species for which 50 or more specimens are known, eight are Grylloblattida (and six of these Grylloblattida: Lemmatophorina), indicating that these taxa were either quite abundant or were preferentially preserved, or both. When reviewing the holotype/neotype specimens used to describe the Wellington Formation species, we find that 62% consist of fore wings, while 9% are complete specimens. However, when considering all known specimens, 48% of the species are known only by their fore wings, while 13% are now represented by complete specimens, indicating the importance of continued collecting and review of Wellington Formation insect fossils.