Biogeography and Connectivity Across Habitat Types and Geographical Scales in Pacific Abyssal Scavenging Amphipods
Biogeography and Connectivity Across Habitat Types and Geographical Scales in Pacific Abyssal Scavenging Amphipods
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DOI：
10.3389/fmars.2021.705237
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发表时间：
2021-07-27
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Glover, Adrian G.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bribiesca-Contreras, Guadalupe;Dahlgren, Thomas G.;Glover, Adrian G.
近期，人们对深海矿床的勘探重新产生了兴趣，尤其是太平洋中部克拉里昂 - 克利珀顿区（CCZ）的多金属结核。准确的环境影响评估对于新产业的有效管理至关重要，且依赖于对物种分类学、生物地理学以及不同尺度的连通性的充分理解。连通性是确定生态系统恢复力的一个特别重要的参数，因为它有助于界定一个系统在受到影响后恢复的能力。2008年由劳里（Lowry）和德布罗耶（De Broyer）定义的超科阿里塞洛超科（Alicelloidea）以及1849年由达纳（Dana）定义的丽戎虾超科（Lysianassoidea）中的食腐端足目动物在深海生态系统中构成了一个独特且丰富的食腐生物群落。它们相对容易取样，近年来已成为一些分子和分类学研究的目标，但在CCZ地区研究较少。在此，我们采用一种分子方法来识别和界定物种，并研究CCZ西部三个特定环境利益区（APEI，即指定的保护区）中来自深海平原和深海（>3000米）海山栖息地的食腐端足目动物的进化关系。共识别出17种不同形态的食腐端足目动物，其中包括至少30种由细胞色素c氧化酶亚基I（COI）条形码基因片段界定的遗传物种。在CCZ西部采样的食腐生物群落包含了在其他大洋盆地中报道过的最常见的物种（深渊钩额虾（Abyssorchomene gerulicorbis，舒伦伯格（Shulenberger）和巴纳德（Barnard），1976；A. chevreuxi，斯特宾（Stebbing），1906；卡佩雷斯卡副丽戎虾（Paralicela caperesca），舒伦伯格和巴纳德，1976；以及细足副丽戎虾（P. tenuipes），谢弗勒（Chevreux），1908）。在APEI 1、4和7之间只有4种形态物种（代表5种遗传物种）是共有的。APEI 4和7的两个深海平原站点分别由两种和三种最常见的食腐物种占主导，而APEI 1的海山站点则由两种可能是科学界新发现的且似乎是该站点特有的物种占主导。所有站点都存在常见物种以及高度的遗传多样性，但地理结构不明显，这表明这些相距约1500公里的区域在进化时间尺度上具有连通性。与近期的研究类似，在海山和深海站点之间发现的端足目动物组合的差异表明，海山上的生态条件形成了独特的群落组成。
Recently, there has been a resurgent interest in the exploration of deep-sea mineral deposits, particularly polymetallic nodules in the Clarion-Clipperton Zone (CCZ), central Pacific. Accurate environmental impact assessment is critical to the effective management of a new industry and depends on a sound understanding of species taxonomy, biogeography, and connectivity across a range of scales. Connectivity is a particularly important parameter in determining ecosystem resilience, as it helps to define the ability of a system to recover post-impact. Scavenging amphipods in the superfamilies Alicelloidea Lowry and De Broyer, 2008 and Lysianassoidea Dana, 1849 contribute to a unique and abundant scavenging community in abyssal ecosystems. They are relatively easy to sample and in recent years have become the target of several molecular and taxonomic studies, but are poorly studied in the CCZ. Here, a molecular approach is used to identify and delimit species, and to investigate evolutionary relationships of scavenging amphipods from both abyssal plain and deep (>3000 m) seamount habitats in three APEIs (Areas of Particular Environmental Interest, i.e., designated conservation areas) in the western CCZ. A total of 17 different morphospecies of scavenging amphipods were identified, which include at least 30 genetic species delimited by a fragment of the cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) barcode gene. The scavenging communities sampled in the western CCZ included the most common species (Abyssorchomene gerulicorbis (Shulenberger and Barnard, 1976), A. chevreuxi (Stebbing, 1906), Paralicela caperesca Shulenberger and Barnard, 1976, and P. tenuipes Chevreux, 1908) reported for other ocean basins. Only four morphospecies, representing five genetic species, were shared between APEIs 1, 4, and 7. The two abyssal plain sites at APEIs 4 and 7 were dominated by two and three of the most common scavenging species, respectively, while the APEI 1 seamount site was dominated by two species potentially new to science that appeared to be endemic to the site. The presence of common species in all sites and high genetic diversity, yet little geographic structuring, indicate connectivity over evolutionary time scales between the areas, which span about 1500 km. Similar to recent studies, the differences in amphipod assemblages found between the seamount and abyssal sites suggest that ecological conditions on seamounts generate distinct community compositions.