Functional analysis of islet cells in vitro, in situ, and in vivo.

Functional analysis of islet cells in vitro, in situ, and in vivo.
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DOI:
10.1016/j.semcdb.2020.02.002
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发表时间:
2020-07
影响因子:
7.3
通讯作者:
Li WH
Li WH
中科院分区:
生物学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Li WH

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胰岛至少含有五种产生不同激素的内分泌细胞。响应于营养或神经元刺激,胰岛内分泌细胞释放包括肽激素的生化物质以调节代谢并控制葡萄糖稳态。现在认识到,胰岛细胞的功能障碍,特别是β细胞的胰岛素释放不足和α细胞的胰高血糖素分泌过多,代表了导致高血糖症和明显糖尿病的因果事件,这种疾病正以惊人的速度增长,达到世界范围的流行水平。了解刺激-分泌偶联的调控机制,研究胰岛β细胞如何维持旺盛的分泌活性,是胰岛生物学和糖尿病研究的重要课题。为了促进这些研究,已经开发了许多生物系统和测定平台用于胰岛细胞的功能分析。这些技术使得能够在细胞水平上对单个胰岛进行详细分析,无论是在体外、原位还是在体内。
The islet of Langerhans contains at least five types of endocrine cells producing distinct hormones. In response to nutrient or neuronal stimulation, islet endocrine cells release biochemicals including peptide hormones to regulate metabolism and to control glucose homeostasis. It is now recognized that malfunction of islet cells, notably insufficient insulin release of β-cells and hypersecretion of glucagon from α-cells, represents a causal event leading to hyperglycemia and frank diabetes, a disease that is increasing at an alarming rate to reach an epidemic level worldwide. Understanding the mechanisms regulating stimulus-secretion coupling and investigating how islet β-cells maintain a robust secretory activity are important topics in islet biology and diabetes research. To facilitate such studies, a number of biological systems and assay platforms have been developed for the functional analysis of islet cells. These technologies have enabled detailed analyses of individual islets at the cellular level, either in vitro, in situ, or in vivo.
灵长类动物中的胰岛血流动力学。
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