Application of Stem Cells in the Oral and Maxillofacial Region
Application of Stem Cells in the Oral and Maxillofacial Region
复制标题
干细胞在口腔颌面部的应用
DOI：
10.1155/2020/2421453
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发表时间：
2020
影响因子：
4.3
通讯作者：
Yu Jiashing
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ogasawara Toru;Ko Edward Chengchuan;Yu Jiashing
创伤性骨或软骨缺损、肿瘤或先天性缺损等情况在口腔和颌面区域很常见。为了修复不可逆的骨骼损伤或缺陷，骨移植是目前的金标准。然而，诸如骨移植材料的短缺和供体部位的发病率等问题影响了骨移植的可用性。由于放射治疗而严重受损的唾液腺，以及由于创伤或外科手术引起的神经退行性变，要恢复这些唾液腺仍然很困难。此外，由于牙齿的自我修复能力有限，龋齿是通过填充物（如复合树脂）或冠来治疗的，缺失的牙齿通过牙桥、可移动假牙或种植体来替代。因此，有必要为这些疾病制定新的治疗策略。最有效的策略之一是在口腔颌面区域引入基于干细胞的组织工程技术。因此，进行了许多研究，并报告了许多有希望的结果。然而，基于干细胞的组织工程治疗在身体的这一区域仍然具有挑战性。j - q的前沿评论。Liu等人强调四个骨部位（生长板、血管周围区、骨膜和颅缝线）可能是骨干细胞（SSC）的来源，并从SSC的角度对这些细胞进行了评估。为了最好地利用ssc，他们认为有必要澄清其命运承诺的机制。X. Xu等人评估了局部应用信号蛋白3A （Sema3A）联合脂肪源性干细胞片和无机牛骨颗粒治疗2型糖尿病（T2DM）大鼠的效果。他们的研究结果表明，这种组合可以有效地改善2型糖尿病患者的骨愈合。Zhou等人全面综述了牙滤泡细胞（dental follicle cells, dfc）在牙齿发育中的作用，以及dfc的多系分化、免疫抑制能力、出色的扩增能力和组织工程潜力等特点。他们得出结论，dfc可以作为未来基于细胞的组织修复和再生治疗的优秀细胞群。CCG Pinheiro等研究了三种干细胞（脐带、口轮匝肌和乳牙髓）的成骨潜能，旨在实现牙槽裂隙骨组织工程。结果表明，牙髓和口轮匝肌是腭裂骨组织工程中间充质干细胞（MSCs）的最佳来源。V. Wu等人的综述介绍并讨论了干细胞在口腔颌面区域的应用、血管化和骨再生方面的进展，并重点介绍了人类颌骨。此外，他们还提出了改进现有技术的新策略，这可能会导致可行的临床应用。基于生物材料的方法是一项技术进步，可以改善移植后的细胞植入和存活。S. Wu等人在其原创研究文章中评价了壳聚糖/β-甘油磷酸酯（CS/β-GP）水凝胶作为血管内皮生长因子（VEGF）缓释系统，并探讨了其对牙髓干细胞（DPSCs）的影响。他们假设
Conditions such as trauma-induced bone or cartilage defects and tumor or congenital defects are common in the oral and maxillofacial region. To repair irreversible skeletal damage or defects, bone grafts are the current gold standard. However, problems such as a shortage of bone graft material and donor-site morbidity affect the availability of bone grafts. It is also still difficult to restore salivary glands that have been severely damaged by radiation therapy and to counteract the neurodegeneration induced by trauma or surgery. In addition, due to the limited self-healing ability of the teeth, dental caries is treated by fillings (eg, composite resin) or crowns, and missing teeth are replaced through dental bridges, removable dentures, or dental implants. It is thus necessary to establish new treatment strategies for these conditions. One of the most effective strategies is to introduce stem cell-based tissue engineering technology in the oral and maxillofacial region. Accordingly, numerous studies have been conducted and many promising results have been reported. Stem cell-based tissue engineering therapy in this region of the body remains challenging to perfect, however. The cutting-edge review by J.-Q. Liu et al. emphasized four bone sites (growth plate, perivascular areas, periosteum, and cranial suture) as possible sources of skeletal stem cells (SSCs) and evaluated these cells from a SSC perspective. To make the best use of SSCs, they considered it necessary to clarify the mechanism underlying their fate commitment. X. Xu et al. evaluated the effect of local application of Semaphorin 3A (Sema3A) combined with adipose-derived stem cell sheets and anorganic bovine bone granules in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) rats. Their results suggested that this combination can be useful to improve bone healing for T2DM patients.T. Zhou et al. comprehensively reviewed roles of dental follicle cells (DFCs) in tooth development as well as such characteristics of DFCs as their multilineage differentiation, immunosuppression capability, excellent amplification ability, and tissue engineering potential. They concluded that DFCs can act as groups of excellent cells in future cellbased treatment for tissue repair and regeneration. CCG Pinheiro et al. studied the osteogenic potential of three types of stem cells (umbilical cord, orbicularis oris muscle, and deciduous dental pulp), aiming at alveolar cleft bone tissue engineering. Their results suggested that dental pulp and orbicularis oris muscles are the best sources of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) for bone tissue engineering for cleft lip and palate (CLP) patients. The review by V. Wu et al. presented and discussed the advancement of stem cell application, vascularization, and bone regeneration in the oral and maxillofacial region, with an emphasis on the human jaw. In addition, they proposed new strategies to improve the current techniques, which may lead to feasible clinical applications. A biomaterial-based approach is one of the technical advances shown to improve both cell engraftment and survival after transplantation. In their original research article, S. Wu et al. evaluated a chitosan/β-glycerophosphate (CS/β-GP) hydrogel as a vascular endothelial growth factor-(VEGF-) sustained release system and explored its effects on dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs). They hypothesized that