Monitoring Critical Facilities by Using Advanced RF Devices
Monitoring Critical Facilities by Using Advanced RF Devices
复制标题
使用先进的射频设备监控关键设施
DOI：
10.1115/icem2013-96032
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发表时间：
2013
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
J. Shuler
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
H. Tsai;Yung Y. Liu;J. Shuler
随时监测核电站关键环境参数的能力，特别是在破坏性事故发生期间和之后，对核电站工作人员、救援和恢复人员以及周围社区的安全至关重要。如2011年3月日本福岛核电站所见证的那样，依赖于供电的传统硬线路资产可能会因此类事件而遭受重创。另一方面，在无线平台上运行的自供电监控设备可能会在这种灾难中幸存下来并保持功能。这些装置将预先安置在战略地点，特别是在污染和辐射危险积聚可能妨碍随后有人进入和监视的地方。这些设备配备了用于β-γ辐射、中子、氢气、温度、湿度、压力和水位的传感器，以及用于热、视频和其他功能的临界警报和成像设备，可以提供重要的监控信息，用于评估工厂受损程度，强制响应（例如，在即将发生的氢气爆炸之前疏散），并在灾难中实现整体安全和高效的恢复。一种基于射频识别（RFID）的系统——称为ARG-US——可能会被修改并适应这项任务。Argonne为美国能源部开发的ARG-US（意为“警惕的守护者”）已成功用于监测和跟踪美国能源部场址的敏感核材料包装。它利用标签中的传感器持续监测包装的健康状态，并在违反任何预设传感器阈值时及时向授权用户发送警报。Argonne国家实验室正在开发一种基于无线传感器网络（WSN）平台的远程区域模块化监测（RAMM）系统，通过在已经强大的传感器套件中添加特定工厂的监测传感器，并采用为工厂特定子系统量身定制的模块化硬件、固件和软件子系统。ARG-US RAMM由机载电池供电，可以在事件发生期间和之后维持扩展的自主监视操作。这些好处对核电厂、研究和试验反应堆、燃料循环制造中心、乏燃料干桶储存设施和其他核设施等关键设施可能是无价的。
The ability to monitor critical environment parameters of nuclear plants at all times, particularly during and after a disruptive accident, is vital for the safety of plant personnel, rescue and recovery crews, and the surrounding communities. Conventional hard-wired assets that depend on supplied power may be decimated as a result of such events, as witnessed in the Japanese Fukushima nuclear power plant in March 2011. Self-powered monitoring devices operating on a wireless platform, on the other hand, may survive such calamity and remain functional. The devices would be prepositioned at strategic locations, particularly where the dangerous build-up of contamination and radiation may preclude subsequent manned entrance and surveillance. Equipped with sensors for β-γ radiation, neutrons, hydrogen gas, temperature, humidity, pressure, and water level, as well as with criticality alarms and imaging equipment for heat, video, and other capabilities, these devices can provide vital surveillance information for assessing the extent of plant damage, mandating responses (e.g., evacuation before impending hydrogen explosion), and enabling overall safe and efficient recovery in a disaster.A radio frequency identification (RFID)-based system — called ARG-US — may be modified and adapted for this task. Developed by Argonne for DOE, ARG-US (meaning “watchful guardian”) has been used successfully to monitor and track sensitive nuclear materials packages at DOE sites. It utilizes sensors in the tags to continuously monitor the state of health of the packaging and promptly disseminates alarms to authorized users when any of the preset sensor thresholds is violated. By adding plant-specific monitoring sensors to the already strong sensor suite and adopting modular hardware, firmware, and software subsystems that are tailored for specific subsystems of a plant, a Remote Area Modular Monitoring (RAMM) system, built on a wireless sensor network (WSN) platform, is being developed by Argonne National Laboratory. ARG-US RAMM, powered by on-board battery, can sustain extended autonomous surveillance operation during and following an incident. The benefits could be invaluable to such critical facilities as nuclear power plants, research and test reactors, fuel cycle manufacturing centers, spent-fuel dry-cask storage facilities, and other nuclear installations.