Attosecond Physics
Attosecond Physics
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DOI：
10.1109/cleopr.2007.4391210
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发表时间：
2007-08
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
F. Krausz
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
F. Krausz
仅提供摘要表格。原子、分子以及凝聚态物质中的基本过程是由原子内部或原子间的电子运动触发或调节的。原子长度尺度上的电子动力学往往在数十到数千阿秒内展开(1阿秒[As]=10-18 S)。最近激光科学的突破正在为观察和控制这些迄今无法获得的微观动力学打开大门。进入阿秒时间域的关键是控制(可见光)电场，它在不到一飞秒(1飞秒=1000阿秒)的时间内改变其强度和方向。原子暴露在强激光的几个振荡周期中，能够发射一次持续不到一飞秒的极端紫外线(XUV)爆发。最近，完全控制由几个波周期组成的激光脉冲中电磁场的演化，使得可以重复产生和测量孤立的亚飞秒XUV脉冲，展示了在阿秒时间尺度上控制微观过程(电子运动和光子发射)。这些工具使我们能够用阿秒“示波器”可视化可见光的振荡电场，以控制单电子和探测原子、分子和固体中的多电子动力学。最近的实验为阿秒X射线源的发展提供了希望，这可能为在空间和时间上实现亚原子分辨率的4D电子成像铺平道路。
Summary form only given. Fundamental processes in atoms, molecules, as well as condensed matter are triggered or mediated by the motion of electrons inside or between atoms. Electronic dynamics on atomic length scales tends to unfold within tens to thousands of attoseconds (1 attosecond [as] = 10-18 s). Recent breakthroughs in laser science are now opening the door to watching and controlling these hitherto inaccessible microscopic dynamics. The key to accessing the attosecond time domain is the control of the electric field of (visible) light, which varies its strength and direction within less than a femtosecond (1 femtosecond = 1000 attoseconds). Atoms exposed to a few oscillations cycles of intense laser light are able to emit a single extreme ultraviolet (XUV) burst lasting less than one femtosecond. Full control of the evolution of the electromagnetic field in laser pulses comprising a few wave cycles have recently allowed the reproducible generation and measurement of isolated sub-femtosecond XUV pulses, demonstrating the control of microscopic processes (electron motion and photon emission) on an attosecond time scale. These tools have enabled us to visualize the oscillating electric field of visible light with an attosecond "oscilloscope", to control single-electron and probe multi-electron dynamics in atoms, molecules and solids. Recent experiments hold promise for the development of an attosecond X-ray source, which may pave the way towards 4D electron imaging with sub-atomic resolution in space and time.