Microbial Contamination of Drinking Water and Human Health from Community Water Systems.
Microbial Contamination of Drinking Water and Human Health from Community Water Systems.
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DOI：
10.1007/s40572-014-0037-5
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发表时间：
2015-03
影响因子：
7.9
通讯作者：
Ashbolt, Nicholas J
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Ashbolt, Nicholas J
一份相对较短的参考病毒、细菌和原生动物病原体清单似乎足以评估微生物风险，并为基于系统的饮用沃茨管理提供信息。尽管如此，仍存在数据缺口，例如，如果使用性能差的消毒和/或分配系统，人类肠道病毒会导致地方性感染水平，以及真菌的风险。如果消毒是唯一的治疗方法和/或过滤不良，隐孢子虫病是水传播疫情期间最有可能发现的肠道疾病，但通常在没有人类或小牛粪便污染的情况下存在非人类传染性基因型。肠道细菌可能在管理无效的重大粪便污染事件中占主导地位。对基于培养的方法的依赖夸大了治疗效果，降低了我们识别病原体/指标的能力;然而，下一代测序和聚合酶链反应方法正在改变这一点。总的来说，在各种社会饮用水使用之后的暴露点，水基军团菌和非结核分枝杆菌可能是主要的健康负担。
A relatively short list of reference viral, bacterial and protozoan pathogens appears adequate to assess microbial risks and inform a system-based management of drinking waters. Nonetheless, there are data gaps, e.g. human enteric viruses resulting in endemic infection levels if poorly performing disinfection and/or distribution systems are used, and the risks from fungi. Where disinfection is the only treatment and/or filtration is poor, cryptosporidiosis is the most likely enteric disease to be identified during waterborne outbreaks, but generally non-human-infectious genotypes are present in the absence of human or calf fecal contamination. Enteric bacteria may dominate risks during major fecal contamination events that are ineffectively managed. Reliance on culture-based methods exaggerates treatment efficacy and reduces our ability to identify pathogens/indicators; however, next-generation sequencing and polymerase chain reaction approaches are on the cusp of changing that. Overall, water-based Legionella and non-tuberculous mycobacteria probably dominate health burden at exposure points following the various societal uses of drinking water.