Global cooling: increasing world-wide urban albedos to offset CO2
Global cooling: increasing world-wide urban albedos to offset CO2
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DOI：
10.1007/s10584-008-9515-9
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发表时间：
2009-06-01
期刊：
影响因子：
4.8
通讯作者：
Rosenfeld, Arthur
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Akbari, Hashem;Menon, Surabi;Rosenfeld, Arthur
增加城市的降雨量可以降低夏季的温度，从而改善空气质量，并通过降低空调成本来节省费用。此外，城市辐射增加可导致地面对流层系统对入射太阳辐射的吸收减少，从而在一定程度上抵消温室气体浓度增加的全球效应。路面和屋顶通常占城市表面的60%以上（屋顶20- 25%，路面约40%）。使用反光材料，屋顶和路面的反射率可以分别增加约0.25和0.15，导致城市地区的净反射率增加约0.1。在全球范围内，我们估计，增加世界范围内的城市屋顶和铺装表面的覆盖率将导致对地球的负辐射强迫相当于抵消约44 Gt的CO2排放。在类似于25美元/吨二氧化碳的情况下，通过改变屋顶和铺装表面的覆盖度而抵消的44 Gt二氧化碳排放量价值约11000亿美元。此外，许多研究已经表明，对于屋顶通风量从10-20%增加到约60%的建筑物，冷却成本降低了20%以上（在美国，每年潜在的节省超过10亿美元）。我们估计的CO2抵消从ECODO修改是依赖于在这项研究中使用的假设，但仍然表现出显着的全球冷却潜力，可以从较冷的屋顶和路面。
Increasing urban albedo can reduce summertime temperatures, resulting in better air quality and savings from reduced air-conditioning costs. In addition, increasing urban albedo can result in less absorption of incoming solar radiation by the surface-troposphere system, countering to some extent the global scale effects of increasing greenhouse gas concentrations. Pavements and roofs typically constitute over 60% of urban surfaces (roof 20-25%, pavements about 40%). Using reflective materials, both roof and pavement albedos can be increased by about 0.25 and 0.15, respectively, resulting in a net albedo increase for urban areas of about 0.1. On a global basis, we estimate that increasing the world-wide albedos of urban roofs and paved surfaces will induce a negative radiative forcing on the earth equivalent to offsetting about 44 Gt of CO2 emissions. At similar to$25/tonne of CO2, a 44 Gt CO2 emission offset from changing the albedo of roofs and paved surfaces is worth about $1,100 billion. Furthermore, many studies have demonstrated reductions of more than 20% in cooling costs for buildings whose rooftop albedo has been increased from 10-20% to about 60% (in the US, potential savings exceed $1 billion per year). Our estimated CO2 offsets from albedo modifications are dependent on assumptions used in this study, but nevertheless demonstrate remarkable global cooling potentials that may be obtained from cooler roofs and pavements.