Transient increases in choroidal thickness are consistently associated with brief daily visual stimuli that inhibit ocular growth in chicks
Transient increases in choroidal thickness are consistently associated with brief daily visual stimuli that inhibit ocular growth in chicks
复制标题
DOI：
10.1016/j.exer.2007.01.017
复制
发表时间：
2007-05-01
影响因子：
3.4
通讯作者：
Nickla, Debora L.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Nickla, Debora L.
在鸡中，脉络膜厚度的短暂变化被发现在眼睛响应于防止过度伸长的视觉事件而减缓其生长的条件下。为了检验脉络膜和眼生长反应是相关的这一假设，我们使用了各种已知的"每日短暂"刺激来改善近视的发展，并评估了反应的并发性。如果假设是真的，它们应该总是相关的。视觉或频闪形式剥夺。佩戴扩散器5天，并在以下情况下每天移除2小时的"视觉"：（a）一个2小时的区块（n = 16）;或（B）两个1小时的时段（n = 10）。闪光灯鸟在黎明和黄昏时给予0.5小时的12 Hz频闪（间隔12小时，n = 11）。负镜头w/视觉或频闪。镜片（-10D）配戴5天，每天取下2小时视力（n = 14）。闪光灯同上（n = 11）。黑暗/短暂视觉或近视散焦。在持续黑暗中的鸟给予2次每天0.5小时的光照，间隔12小时（n = 6）或一次每天0.5小时的+10 D近视散焦（n = 6），持续4天。Darknessl "频繁"或"罕见"近视散焦。对处于持续黑暗中的鸟频繁（2 min x 14）或不频繁（1 min x 7）给予+10 D近视散焦4天。在所有实验中，对照组进行近视诱导治疗，但不接受视觉刺激。在实验开始和结束时，以及在刺激期之前和之后1小时的最后一天进行高频超声检查。在实验结束时，使用Hartinger折射计测量折射误差。我们发现，在8种条件中的7种条件下，近视的发展受到抑制。形觉剥夺：视觉或频闪与对照组：-1.2和-1.8 vs-9.8 D。负镜片：视觉或频闪与对照组：-1.2和-4.3 vs-8 D。持续黑暗：视力或近视散焦vs对照组：-0.7和1.8 vs-1.8 D。恒定黑暗：频繁近视散焦vs对照：4.8 vs-0.4 D（所有比较p <0.05）。在所有的影响是轴向的生长速率显着抑制。在所有病例中，脉络膜厚度也显示出显著的一过性增加。形觉剥夺：视觉或频闪与对照组：58和15与-3 μ m。负透镜：视觉或频闪与对照组：74和17与-17 μ m。黑暗：视力或近视散焦与对照组：56和46 vs 11 μ m。黑暗：频繁vs对照：103 vs 5 μ m。在"罕见近视散焦"条件下，眼睛没有补偿散焦，但他们没有变得近视。脉络膜反应不显著。这些结果支持了这一假设，这些短暂的脉络膜反应可能在眼生长抑制中发挥作用。(C)2007爱思唯尔有限公司保留所有权利。
In chickens, transient changes in choroidal thickness are found in conditions in which the eye is slowing its growth in response to visual episodes that prevent excessive elongation. To test the hypothesis that the choroidal and ocular growth responses are linked, we used a variety of "brief daily" stimuli known to ameliorate the development of myopia and assessed the concurrence of the responses. If the hypothesis is true, they should always be correlated. Form deprivation w/vision or strobe. Diffusers were worn for 5 days and removed for 2 h of "vision" each day in: (a) one block of 2-h (n = 16); or (b) two 1-h periods (n = 10). Strobe. Birds were given 0.5 h episodes of 12 Hz strobe at dawn and dusk (12 h apart, n = 11). Negative lenses w/vision or strobe. Lenses (-10D) were worn for 5 days and removed for 2 h of vision each day (n = 14). Strobe. Same as above (n = 11). Darkness/brief vision or myopic defocus. Birds in constant darkness were given 2 daily 0.5 h episodes of light 12 h apart (n = 6) or one daily 0.5 h episode of + 10 D myopic defocus (n = 6) for 4 days. Darknessl "frequent" or "infrequent" myopic defocus. Birds in constant darkness were given frequent (2 min x 14) or infrequent (1 min x 7) episodes of +10 D myopic defocus for 4 days. In all experiments a control group had the myopia-inducing treatment but did not receive the visual stimulation. High frequency ultrasonography was done at the start and end of the experiment, and on the last day immediately prior to and 1 h after the period of stimulation. Refractive errors were measured using a Hartinger's refractometer at the end of the experiment. We found that in 7 of the 8 conditions the development of myopia was inhibited. Form deprivation: vision or strobe vs control: -1.2 and - 1.8 vs -9.8 D. Negative lenses: vision or strobe vs control: - 1.2 and -4.3 vs -8 D. Constant dark: vision or myopic defocus vs control: -0.7 and 1.8 vs - 1.8 D. Constant dark: frequent myopic defocus vs control: 4.8 vs -0.4 D (p < 0.05 for all comparisons). In all the effect was axial with growth rate being significantly inhibited. In all cases the choroids showed significant transient increases in thickness as well. Form deprivation: vision or strobe vs control: 58 and 15 vs -3 mu m. Negative lenses: vision or strobe vs controls: 74 and 17 vs - 17 mu m. Dark: vision or myopic defocus vs control: 56 and 46 vs 11 mu m. Dark: frequent vs control: 103 vs 5 mu m. In the "infrequent myopic defocus" condition eyes did not compensate to the defocus, however they did not become myopic. The choroidal response was not significant. These results support the hypothesis that these brief choroidal responses may play a role in ocular growth inhibition. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.