Social Feedback and the Emergence of Rank in Animal Society
Social Feedback and the Emergence of Rank in Animal Society
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pcbi.1004411
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发表时间：
2015-09-01
影响因子：
4.3
通讯作者：
DeDeo, Simon
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hobson, Elizabeth A.;DeDeo, Simon
支配等级是由于个体的攻击而产生的群体层面的属性。尽管个人可以从其在等级制度中的地位中获得关键利益，但我们不了解现实世界的等级制度是如何形成的。我们也不了解在缺乏大小或空间位置等简单线索的情况下，个人使用什么信号和决策规则来构建和维持等级制度。一项针对两组圈养僧侣鹦鹉（Myiopsitta monachus）冲突的研究发现，一周后，新形成的群体中发生了向大规模攻击行为的转变，此后个体更愿意更频繁地对等级邻近的人进行攻击。我们考虑这种秩序出现的两种认知机制：基于攻击性的整体水平或攻击性网络的子集的推理。这两种机制都可以预测个体的攻击决定，但观察到的模式可以通过攻击网络子集的排名推断得到更好的解释。基于这些结果，我们提出了一种新的理论，即等级知识和后续行为之间的反馈循环。这个循环解释了向战略攻击的转变，以及具有社会记忆和推理能力的群体中统治等级的形成和持续。
Dominance hierarchies are group-level properties that emerge from the aggression of individuals. Although individuals can gain critical benefits from their position in a hierarchy, we do not understand how real-world hierarchies form. Nor do we understand what signals and decision-rules individuals use to construct and maintain hierarchies in the absence of simple cues such as size or spatial location. A study of conflict in two groups of captive monk parakeets (Myiopsitta monachus) found that a transition to large-scale order in aggression occurred in newly-formed groups after one week, with individuals thereafter preferring to direct aggression more frequently against those nearby in rank. We consider two cognitive mechanisms underlying the emergence of this order: inference based on overall levels of aggression, or on subsets of the aggression network. Both mechanisms were predictive of individual decisions to aggress, but observed patterns were better explained by rank inference through subsets of the aggression network. Based on these results, we present a new theory, of a feedback loop between knowledge of rank and consequent behavior. This loop explains the transition to strategic aggression and the formation and persistence of dominance hierarchies in groups capable of both social memory and inference.