The stomach as an endocrine organ.
The stomach as an endocrine organ.
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胃作为内分泌器官。
作者：
DelValle,J
胃含有负责调节胃分泌过程的化学介质的概念起源于Edkins[1]的研究，在Bayliss和Starling[2]的里程碑式的工作之后，Edkins[1]提出了来自胃的体液介质在刺激胃酸分泌方面起重要作用的假设。1905年，Edkins[1]证明，犬胃窦粘膜提取物静脉注射到犬体内时，可刺激胃酸分泌。他假设这种刺激作用是由胃窦粘膜中发现的一种化学介质引起的，他称之为胃泌素。Lint也做了类似的观察[3]，但胃窦肽因子对刺激胃酸分泌的重要作用是通过胃组织中组胺的存在而建立起来的。20世纪60年代中期，格雷戈里[4]最终证实了埃德金斯的理论，当时他从猪胃粘膜中提纯了胃泌素，然后将其合成成具有生物活性的形式。随着多肽激素的生物化学、分子生物学和细胞生物学的快速发展，人们对胃作为内分泌器官的认识进一步加深。
The concept that the stomach contained a chemical mediator responsible for regulating the gastric secretory process originated at the turn of the century from studies by Edkins [1], Following the landmark work of Bayliss and Starling [2] describing the first hormone, secretin, as a circulating substance derived from the duodenum which stimulated pancreatic secretion in response to acidifi cation of the intestine, Edkins [1] hypothesized that a humoral mediator derived from the stomach was impor tant in stimulating gastric acid secretion. In 1905, Edkins [1] demonstrated that extracts of canine antral mucosa stimulated acid secretion when injected into dogs intra venously. He hypothesized that the stimulatory effect was caused by a chemical mediator found within the antral mucosa, which he called gastrin. Similar observations were made by Lint [3], but elucidation of an antral peptide factor important in stimulating acid secretion was con founded by the presence of histamine in gastric tissues. The confirmation of Edkins' theory was finally made in the mid 1960s by Gregory [4] when he purified gastrin from hog antral mucosa and subsequently synthesized it in biologically active form. Further understanding of the stomach as an endocrine organ was facilitated by the rapid advancements made in the biochemistry and mo lecular and cell biology of peptide hormones.