Postreproductive female killer whales reduce socially inflicted injuries in their male offspring.
Postreproductive female killer whales reduce socially inflicted injuries in their male offspring.
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繁殖后的雌性虎鲸减少了雄性后代受到的社会伤害。
DOI：
10.1016/j.cub.2023.06.039
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发表时间：
2023
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Grimes C
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Grimes C
了解更年期的演变提出了一个长期的科学挑战1，2，3-为什么女性应该停止排卵之前，他们的自然寿命结束？在人类社会中，代际资源转移，例如，食物共享和共享，被认为在更年期的演变中发挥了关键作用，提供了一条途径，通过这条途径，繁殖后的女性可以提高其亲属的健康。在这里，我们测试的假设，繁殖后的女性居民虎鲸（Orcinus虎鲸）提供社会支持，以减少他们的后代社会造成的伤害，他们的经验。我们发现，社会造成的伤害，量化的牙齿耙痕，是较低的男性后代在他们的postreproductive母亲的存在。相比之下，我们没有发现任何证据表明，产后母亲减少耙标记在他们的女儿。同样，我们没有发现任何证据表明，无论是生育母亲或祖母（生殖或postreproductive）减少社会造成的伤害，在他们的后代和grandofspring，分别。此外，我们发现，postreproductive女性有没有影响，以减少他们的社会单位谁不是他们的后代鲸鱼的耙痕。总之，我们的研究结果强调，指导晚年的支持可能是一个关键的途径，繁殖后的女性将社会利益转移到他们的男性后代。
Understanding the evolution of menopause presents a long-standing scientific challenge1,2,3—why should females cease ovulation prior to the end of their natural lifespan? In human societies, intergenerational resource transfers, for example, food sharing and caregiving, are thought to have played a key role in the evolution of menopause, providing a pathway by which postreproductive females can boost the fitness of their kin.4,5,6To date however, other late-life contributions that postreproductive females may provide their kin have not been well studied. Here, we test the hypothesis that postreproductive female resident killer whales (Orcinus orca) provide social support to their offspring by reducing the socially inflicted injuries they experience. We found that socially inflicted injuries, as quantified by tooth rake marks, are lower for male offspring in the presence of their postreproductive mother. In contrast, we find no evidence that postreproductive mothers reduce rake marking in their daughters. Similarly, we find no evidence that either reproductive mothers or grandmothers (reproductive or postreproductive) reduce socially inflicted injuries in their offspring and grandoffspring, respectively. Moreover, we find that postreproductive females have no effect on reducing the rake marks for whales in their social unit who are not their offspring. Taken together, our results highlight that directing late-life support may be a key pathway by which postreproductive females transfer social benefits to their male offspring.