Scopal Independence: A Note on Branching and Wide Scope Readings of Indefinites and Disjunctions
Scopal Independence: A Note on Branching and Wide Scope Readings of Indefinites and Disjunctions
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作用域独立性：关于不定式和析取的分支和广泛阅读的注释
DOI：
10.1093/jos/ffl005
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发表时间：
2006
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
P. Schlenker
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
P. Schlenker
Hintikka在20世纪70年代声称，不定式和析取产生了“分支读数”，只能通过“博弈论”语义来处理，就像在Skolem函数上具有（有限形式的）量化的逻辑一样表达。由于经验和方法上的困难，这个问题在语言学文献中没有得到解决。然而，在20世纪80年代，人们独立地发现，与其他量词相反，不定式可以超越句法岛。我们声称，分支读数和岛屿逃逸行为的不确定性是同一枚硬币的两面：当后一个问题被认为是在充分的一般性，一个机制的“功能量化”（冬季2004年）必须假设这是严格更有表现力比Hintikka的，并预测他的分支读数确实是真实的，虽然他自己的解决方案是不够一般。此外，我们认为，正如欣蒂卡所看到的那样，析取具有不定式的行为，无论是关于岛屿逃逸行为还是（可能）分支读数。因此，功能分析自然可以扩展到它们。
Hintikka claimed in the 1970s that indefinites and disjunctions give rise to 'branching readings' that can only be handled by a 'game-theoretic' semantics as expressive as a logic with (a limited form of) quantification over Skolem functions. Due to empirical and methodological difficulties, the issue was left unresolved in the linguistic literature. Independently, however, it was discovered in the 1980s that, contrary to other quantifiers, indefinites may scope out of syntactic islands. We claim that branching readings and the island-escaping behaviour of indefinites are two sides of the same coin: when the latter problem is considered in full generality, a mechanism of 'functional quantification' (Winter 2004) must be postulated which is strictly more expressive than Hintikka's, and which predicts that his branching readings are indeed real, although his own solution was insufficiently general. Furthermore, we suggest that, as Hintikka had seen, disjunctions share the behaviour of indefinites, both with respect to island-escaping behaviour and (probably) branching readings. The functional analysis can thus naturally be extended to them.