Design and Management of Sustainable Built Environments
Design and Management of Sustainable Built Environments
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可持续建筑环境的设计和管理
DOI：
10.1007/978-1-4471-4781-7_13
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发表时间：
2013
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Gan G
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Gan G
本章介绍了计算流体动力学 (CFD) 技术，用于精确模拟可持续技术和建筑中的流体和热流。使用三个示例演示了该技术；三种不同类型的流动各有一个：（1）风和浮力驱动的自然通风中的稳态； (2)太阳能喷射器中的可压缩流动用于冷却； (3)用于建筑物供暖/制冷的水平耦合地源热泵中的瞬态流。当建筑物自然通风时，双层立面可以增强浮力效果，但与浮力相比，风的影响不太确定；不仅在于其不可预测的性质，还在于其与浮力的相互作用。太阳能喷射器的性能受喷嘴位置的影响，喷嘴出口的理想位置是靠近扩散器入口。长期运行的地耦合（水平）热交换器的排热/注入能力低于当前地源热泵设计指南中使用的排热能力。该技术还可用于可持续建筑设计的其他技术和解决方案的优化和性能评估。学习成果：成功完成本章后，读者将能够：(1) 掌握 CFD 的基本原理及其控制数学模型和方程，(2) 了解 CFD 的应用类型以及研究结果如何影响可持续建筑设计和技术，(3) 了解进行模拟所需的条件要求类型，(4) 对办公室自然通风有有限的了解，喷射制冷和地源热泵 (GSHP)。本章介绍了 CFD 的基础知识，并说明了其在可持续建筑设计方面的潜力。介绍了流体和热流的偏微分方程及其求解方法，并给出了建筑物自然通风、太阳能制冷和地源供暖模拟的三个例子。重点关注从模型设置到解收敛的仿真准确性。
In this chapter, the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) technique is described for accurate simulation of fluid and heat flow in sustainable technologies and buildings. The technique is demonstrated using three examples; one for each of three different types of flow: (1)steady statein wind- and buoyancy-driven natural ventilation; (2)compressible flowin a solar-powered ejector for cooling; and (3)transient state flowin a horizontal-coupled ground source heat pump for heating/cooling of buildings. When naturally ventilating a building, a double skin façade can enhance the buoyancy effect, but the impact of wind is less certain compared to buoyancy; not only in terms of its unpredictable nature, but also its interactionswithbuoyancy. The performance of a solar-powered ejector is influenced by the nozzle position, and the ideal position for the nozzle outlet is near the diffuser entrance. The heat extraction/injection capacity of a ground-coupled (horizontal) heat exchanger for long-term operation is lower than that used in current design guidance for ground source heat pumps. The technique can also be used for optimization and performance assessment of other technologies and solutions for sustainable building design.Learning Outcomes: on successful completion of this chapter, readers will be able to: (1) grasp the underlying principles of CFD and its governing mathematical models and equations, (2) understand the type of applications of CFD and how findings can influence sustainable building design and technology, (3) appreciate the types of conditional requirements that are necessary in order to conduct a simulation, and (4) have a limited knowledge about natural ventilation in offices, ejector refrigeration, and ground source heat pumps (GSHP). This chapter explains the basics of CFD and illustrates its potentials for sustainable building design. The partial differential equations for fluid and heat flow and the solution method are introduced, followed by three examples for simulations of natural ventilation, solar cooling, and ground source heating of buildings. Emphasis is placed on the accuracy of simulation from model setup to solution convergence.