Slope Wash, Gully Erosion and Debris Flows on Lateral Moraines in the Upper Kaunertal, Austria

Slope Wash, Gully Erosion and Debris Flows on Lateral Moraines in the Upper Kaunertal, Austria
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奥地利上考纳塔尔地区侧碛石的斜坡冲刷、沟壑侵蚀和泥石流

DOI:
10.1007/978-3-319-94184-4_11
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发表时间:
2019
期刊:
Geography of the Physical Environment
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Neugirg
Neugirg
中科院分区:
--
文献类型:
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作者:
Neugirg

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高山冰前系统的科学是一个相当年轻的研究领域,但从几年前开始变得重要。在这种情况下,我们调查了一部分的横向小冰期(LIA)冰碛,这是建立了第二长的冰川东阿尔卑斯山。Gepatschferner冰川在上Kaunertal,奥地利中部阿尔卑斯山,创建了高达150米高的冰碛斜坡在其LIA前进,现在倾向于paraglacial改造。为了分析改造的程度,并确定其空间和时间变化的斜坡发展背后的驱动力,我们进行了几个案例研究,主要是基于遥感技术(多时相TLS和航空照片)及其衍生工具(DEM,国防部,正射影像)获得的数据。首先,中期(5年)的总体平衡的侵蚀和沉积的研究斜坡计算。第二,过程动力学的季节性变化被发现的基础上短期TLS测量内c。一年第三,沉积物贡献区(SCA)划定估计河流改造。第四,继咖喱等人(2006年)的冰旁调整研究之后,我们测量和分析了自冰消以来随时间的沟道发展。实例分析表明,研究区斜坡的冰缘调整仍在进行中。夏季的极端事件对地貌动力学起主导作用,其次是冬季的过程,而春季为泥沙输运提供了重要的准备条件。与重力作用相比,河流输运对冰碛发育的影响较小。最后但并非最不重要的是,冲沟的发展更多地取决于自然边界条件,而不是自冰消期以来的时间。
The science on high-mountain proglacial systems is a rather young field of study, but has gained importance since a few years ago. In this context, we investigated a part of the lateral Little Ice Age (LIA) moraine that was built up by the second longest glacier of the Eastern Alps. The Gepatschferner glacier in the Upper Kaunertal, Central Austrian Alps, created up to 150-m-high moraine slopes during its LIA advance that are now prone to paraglacial reworking. To analyse the degree of reworking and to identify the driving forces behind the slope development with both their spatial and temporal variations, we conducted several case studies, mainly based on data acquired by remote sensing techniques (multitemporal TLS and aerial photographs) and their derivatives (DEMs, DoD, orthophotos). First, a medium-term (5 years) overall balance of erosion and deposition of the studied slope is calculated. Second, seasonal variations of the process dynamics are uncovered based on short-term TLS measurements within c. one year. Third, the sediment contributing area (SCA) is delineated to estimate fluvial reworking. Fourth, following paraglacial adjustment studies by Curry et al. (2006), we measured and analysed gully development with time since deglaciation. The case studies lead to the conclusions that paraglacial adjustment of the study slope is still in progress. Extreme events in summer play a dominant role for morphodynamics, followed by processes during winter, whereas springtime offers important preparatory conditions for sediment transport. Fluvial transport is considered to have minor effects on the moraine development compared to gravitational processes. And last but not least, the development of gullies depends more on natural boundary conditions than on time since deglaciation.
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