Biodiversity of biological soil crusts from the Polar Regions revealed by metabarcoding
Biodiversity of biological soil crusts from the Polar Regions revealed by metabarcoding
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DOI：
10.1093/femsec/fiy036
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发表时间：
2018-04-01
影响因子：
4.2
通讯作者：
Becker, Burkhard
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Rippin, Martin;Lange, Sebastian;Becker, Burkhard
生物土壤结皮(BSCs)是自养、异养和腐生生物的融合。在极地地区，这些独特的群落承担着基本的生态功能，如初级生产、固氮和生态系统工程。在这里，我们介绍了首次对北极和南极洲的生物干细胞进行的分子调查，重点是真核生物和原核生物以及被动和主动生物多样性。从序列丰度来看，苔藓门是所有分析的BSCs中含量最丰富的类群之一，表明它们处于演替后期阶段。在藻类和蓝藻生物多样性方面，在所有样本中都发现了绿单胞菌属、球粘菌属、绿藻属和发菜属，证实了它们的普遍分布。第一次，我们发现黄藻海绵在极地骨髓干细胞中很常见，因为它存在于所有被分析的样本中。共生分析揭示了硫代谢微生物的存在，表明BSCs在硫循环中也起着重要的作用。总体而言，BSCs中的光养生物最为丰富，但也有各种各样的异养生物和腐生生物群落。我们的结果表明，BSCs是极地环境中独特的微生态系统，具有出人意料的高生物多样性。
Biological soil crusts (BSCs) are amalgamations of autotrophic, heterotrophic and saprotrophic organisms. In the Polar Regions, these unique communities occupy essential ecological functions such as primary production, nitrogen fixation and ecosystem engineering. Here, we present the first molecular survey of BSCs from the Arctic and Antarctica focused on both eukaryotes and prokaryotes as well as passive and active biodiversity. Considering sequence abundance, Bryophyta is among the most abundant taxa in all analyzed BSCs suggesting that they were in a late successional stage. In terms of algal and cyanobacterial biodiversity, the genera Chloromonas, Coccomyxa, Elliptochloris and Nostoc were identified in all samples regardless of origin confirming their ubiquitous distribution. For the first time, we found the chrysophyte Spumella to be common in polar BSCs as it was present in all analyzed samples. Co-occurrence analysis revealed the presence of sulfur metabolizing microbes indicating that BSCs also play an important role for the sulfur cycle. In general, phototrophs were most abundant within the BSCs but there was also a diverse community of heterotrophs and saprotrophs. Our results show that BSCs are unique microecosystems in polar environments with an unexpectedly high biodiversity.