TUMORS OF THE ENDOCRINE/NEUROENDOCRINE SYSTEM - AN OVERVIEW
TUMORS OF THE ENDOCRINE/NEUROENDOCRINE SYSTEM - AN OVERVIEW
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DOI：
10.3109/01913129409016286
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发表时间：
1994-01-01
影响因子：
1
通讯作者：
NESLAND, JM
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
ERLANDSON, RA;NESLAND, JM
为了便于讨论，内分泌/神经内分泌系统的明显多样化的肿瘤被分类为起源于经典上皮内分泌器官的肿瘤（例如，肾上腺皮质腺瘤）、源自弥漫性内分泌细胞的肿瘤（例如，空肠类癌肿瘤）或源自这些细胞簇的肿瘤（例如，胰岛细胞肿瘤）；以及由神经分泌神经元（例如，神经母细胞瘤）或副神经节（例如，颈动脉体肿瘤）引起的那些。尽管传统的透射电子显微镜可用于识别神经分泌或内分泌颗粒本身，但除了少数例外（例如，具有复杂的旁晶核的含胰岛素颗粒），不可能将颗粒类型（大小、形状或超微结构）归因于不同的疾病学实体或分泌产物，因为它们在不同细胞类型中的精细结构重叠。利用胶体金标记二抗的免疫电子显微镜方法可用于将几乎任何抗原（肽或神经胺）定位到特定的神经分泌或内分泌颗粒或其他细胞结构。一般内分泌/神经内分泌细胞标记物，例如神经元特异性烯醇化酶、嗜铬粒蛋白和突触素，可用于使用常规免疫组织化学方法鉴定肿瘤中的神经内分泌分化。还讨论了 Pearse 的 APUD 概念的当前相关性以及内分泌/神经内分泌分泌产物（例如铃蟾肽和胰岛素样生长因子）的生物学重要性。
For the sake of discussion, the markedly diversified tumors of the endocrine/neuroendocrine system are classified as those originating in classic epithelial endocrine organs (eg, adrenal cortical adenomas), from the diffuse endocrine cells (eg, jejunal carcinoid tumors), or from clusters of these cells (eg, islet cell tumors); and those arising from neurosecretory neurons (eg, neuroblastoma) or paraganglia (eg, carotid body tumor). Although traditional transmission electron microscopy is useful for identifying neurosecretory or endosecretory granules as such, with few exceptions (eg, insulin-containing granules with a complex paracrystalline core) it is not possible to ascribe a granule type (size, shape, or ultrastructure) to a distinct nosologic entity or secretory product because of their overlapping fine structures in different cell types. Immunoelectron microscopy methods utilizing colloidal gold-labeled secondary antibodies can be used to localize virtually any antigen (peptide or neuroamine) to a specific neurosecretory or endosecretory granule or other cell structure. General endocrine/neuroendocrine cell markers such as neuron-specific enolase, the chromogranins, and synaptophysin are useful in identifying neuroendocrine differentiation in a neoplasm using routine immunohistochemical procedures. The current relevance of the APUD concept of Pearse as well as the biologic importance of endocrine/neuroendocrine secretory products such as bombesin and insulinlike growth factors also are discussed.