Glycans in immune recognition and response
Glycans in immune recognition and response
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DOI：
10.1016/j.carres.2014.02.004
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发表时间：
2014-05-07
影响因子：
3.1
通讯作者：
Padler-Karavani, Vered
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Amon, Ron;Reuven, Eliran Moshe;Padler-Karavani, Vered
位于细胞最前端的聚糖促进免疫识别过程。癌细胞通常存在改变的细胞表面糖基化，特别是表现在糖脂和糖蛋白末端的唾液酸表达。虽然肿瘤相关的碳水化合物抗原（TACA）导致表达的改变自我，大多数这样的碳水化合物不引起强烈的体液反应。已经设计了各种策略来引起这种TACA的免疫原性增加，旨在获得有效的免疫原性抗体或癌症疫苗。然而，一些碳水化合物在人体中具有免疫原性，并具有新的糖疗法的潜力。N-羟乙基神经氨酸（Neu 5Gc）是人类中源自饮食的外来免疫原性糖（例如，红肉），随后在细胞表面表达，特别是在癌上积累。因此，人类免疫系统检测到这种非自身碳水化合物，产生广泛的抗Neu 5Gc抗体应答。Neu 5Gc/抗Neu 5Gc在人体内的共存刺激慢性炎症介导的疾病，包括癌症。同时，抗Neu 5Gc抗体具有新的靶向治疗的潜力。α Gal是人类中另一种外源免疫原性碳水化合物抗原，并且所有人都具有循环抗Gal抗体。本文综述了Neu 5Gc的免疫原性及其对人类疾病的影响，突出了与aGal的差异和相似之处及其作为新型靶向治疗诊断剂的潜力。(C)2014爱思唯尔有限公司版权所有。
Glycans at the forefront of cells facilitate immune recognition processes. Cancer cells commonly present altered cell surface glycosylation, especially manifested in the expression of sialic acid at the termini of glycolipids and glycoproteins. Although tumor-associated carbohydrate antigens (TACAs) result in expression of altered-self, most such carbohydrates do not elicit strong humoral responses. Various strategies had been devised to elicit increased immunogenicity of such TACA aiming for potent immunotherapeutic antibodies or cancer vaccines. However some carbohydrates are immunogenic in humans and hold potential for novel glycotherapies. N-Glycolylneuraminic acid (Neu5Gc) is a foreign immunogenic sugar in humans originating from the diet (e.g., red meat) and subsequently expressed on the cell surface, especially accumulating on carcinoma. Consequently, the human immune system detects this non-self carbohydrate generating a broad anti-Neu5Gc antibody response. The co-existence of Neu5Gc/anti-Neu5Gc within humans spurs chronic inflammation mediated disease, including cancer. Concurrently, anti-Neu5Gc antibodies hold potential for novel targeted therapy. alpha Gal is another foreign immunogenic carbohydrate antigen in humans and all humans have circulating anti-Gal antibodies. This review aims to describe the immunogenicity of Neu5Gc and its implications for human diseases, highlighting differences and similarities with aGal and its potential for novel targeted theranostics. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.