Sex hormones, aging, and Alzheimer's disease.
Sex hormones, aging, and Alzheimer's disease.
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DOI：
10.2741/e434
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发表时间：
2012-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Pike, Christian J
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Barron, Anna M;Pike, Christian J
一个有希望的策略，以延迟和预防阿尔茨海默病（AD）是确定与年龄有关的变化，使大脑处于疾病的风险。已知导致组织特异性功能障碍的一个显著的正常年龄变化是性激素的消耗。在女性中，绝经导致雌二醇和孕酮相对快速的损失。在男性中，衰老与睾丸激素相对缓慢但显著的下降有关。我们回顾了大量的文献，这些文献表明与年龄相关的女性雌激素和男性睾酮的损失是AD的危险因素。雌激素和雄激素都发挥广泛的保护作用，改善神经健康的多个方面，这表明激素疗法有可能对抗AD发病机制。然而，将实验结果转化为有效的疗法已被证明具有挑战性。一种新兴的治疗选择是开发称为选择性雌激素和雄激素受体调节剂的新型激素模拟物。对性激素及其在衰老大脑中的作用的持续研究有望为降低AD风险提供有价值的方法。
A promising strategy to delay and perhaps prevent Alzheimer's disease (AD) is to identify the age-related changes that put the brain at risk for the disease. A significant normal age change known to result in tissue-specific dysfunction is the depletion of sex hormones. In women, menopause results in a relatively rapid loss of estradiol and progesterone. In men, aging is associated with a comparatively gradual yet significant decrease in testosterone. We review a broad literature that indicates age-related losses of estrogens in women and testosterone in men are risk factors for AD. Both estrogens and androgens exert a wide range of protective actions that improve multiple aspects of neural health, suggesting that hormone therapies have the potential to combat AD pathogenesis. However, translation of experimental findings into effective therapies has proven challenging. One emerging treatment option is the development of novel hormone mimetics termed selective estrogen and androgen receptor modulators. Continued research of sex hormones and their roles in the aging brain is expected to yield valuable approaches to reducing the risk of AD.