The colonial ascidian Didemnum sp A:: Current distribution, basic biology and potential threat to marine communities of the northeast and west coasts of North America
The colonial ascidian Didemnum sp A:: Current distribution, basic biology and potential threat to marine communities of the northeast and west coasts of North America
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DOI：
10.1016/j.jembe.2006.10.020
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发表时间：
2007-03-26
影响因子：
2
通讯作者：
Heinonen, K.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bullard, S. G.;Lambert, G.;Heinonen, K.
Didemnum sp. A是一种群体海鞘，在北美东海岸和西海岸迅速扩大。Didemum sp. A的起源不明。1980年代末，在美国东北海岸首次观察到种群，1990年代在西海岸观察到种群。它目前正在经历一个大规模的人口爆炸，现在是两岸许多潮下带社区的主要成员。为了确定Didemnum sp. A目前的分布，我们进行了调查，从缅因州到弗吉尼亚州的东海岸和从不列颠哥伦比亚省到南部加州的美国西海岸之间的1998年和2005年。在近岸地区，Didemnum sp. A目前分布于东海岸的缅因州的伊斯特波特至纽约的辛内科克湾。在西海岸，从洪堡湾到加州的圣路易斯港，华盛顿普吉湾的几个地点，包括一个严重污染的贻贝养殖设施，以及不列颠哥伦比亚省西南部的几个地点，在牡蛎和贻贝养殖场附近。该物种也出现在新英格兰外较深的潮下带（高达81米），包括Georges、Stellwagen和Tillies Banks。在乔治海岸，230平方公里范围内的许多地点都被Didemnum sp. A覆盖了50-90%;大型菌落将卵石砾石粘合成几乎固体的垫子，可能会窒息底栖生物。这些观察结果表明，Didemnum sp. A有可能改变海洋群落，影响渔业和水产养殖等重要经济活动。(c)2006 Elsevier B. V.保留所有权利。
Didemnum sp. A is a colonial ascidian with rapidly expanding populations on the east and west coasts of North America. The origin of Didemum sp. A is unknown. Populations were first observed on the northeast coast of the U.S. in the late 1980s and on the west coast during the 1990s. It is currently undergoing a massive population explosion and is now a dominant member of many subtidal communities on both coasts. To determine Didemnum sp. A's current distribution, we conducted surveys from Maine to Virginia on the east coast and from British Columbia to southern California on the west coast of the U.S. between 1998 and 2005. In nearshore locations Didemnum sp. A currently ranges from Eastport, Maine to Shinnecock Bay, New York on the east coast. On the west coast it has been recorded from Humboldt Bay to Port San Luis in California, several sites in Puget Sound, Washington, including a heavily fouled mussel culture facility, and several sites in southwestern British Columbia on and adjacent to oyster and mussel farms. The species also occurs at deeper subtidal sites (up to 81 m) off New England, including Georges, Stellwagen and Tillies Banks. On Georges Bank numerous sites within a 230 km(2) area are 50-90% covered by Didemnum sp. A; large colonies cement the pebble gravel into nearly solid mats that may smother infaunal organisms. These observations suggest that Didemnum sp. A has the potential to alter marine communities and affect economically important activities such as fishing and aquaculture. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.