Functional neuroimaging studies of encoding, priming, and explicit memory retrieval
Functional neuroimaging studies of encoding, priming, and explicit memory retrieval
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DOI：
10.1073/pnas.95.3.891
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发表时间：
1998-02-03
影响因子：
11.1
通讯作者：
Koutstaal, W
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Buckner, RL;Koutstaal, W
人类功能神经成像技术提供了一种将大脑功能和认知的神经水平描述联系起来的强大手段，对人类记忆背后的功能解剖学的探索包括一个主要例子，讨论了将记忆相关的认知过程与大脑活动联系起来的三个高度可靠的发现，首先，启动伴随着相对于幼稚或未启动的任务表现的神经激活量的减少，这些减少可以证明 在解剖学和功能上都具有特定性，并且针对感知和概念任务组成部分被发现。其次，语言编码允许随后有意识的检索，与高级大脑区域的激活相关，包括左下和背侧前额叶皮层内的区域。这些区域也被工作记忆和费力的单词生成任务激活，这表明这些通常作为可分离的任务进行讨论的任务可能依赖于相互依赖的过程，最后， 显式（有意）检索与编码和单词生成任务具有许多相同的功能解剖结构，但与招募其他大脑区域相关，包括前额叶皮层（右>左）。这些发现说明了神经成像技术如何用于研究记忆过程，并且可以补充和扩展通过其他方式获得的数据。最近开发的方法，例如事件相关的功能性 MRI，将继续这一点 进展并可能为研究提供更多新方向。
Human functional neuroimaging techniques provide a powerful means of linking neural level descriptions of brain function and cognition, The exploration of the functional anatomy underlying human memory comprises a prime example, Three highly reliable findings linking memory-related cognitive processes to brain activity are discussed, First, priming is accompanied by reductions in the amount of neural activation relative to naive or unprimed task performance, These reductions can be shown to be both anatomically and functionally specific and are found for both perceptual and conceptual task components, Second, verbal encoding, allowing subsequent conscious retrieval, is associated with activation of higher order brain regions including areas within the left inferior and dorsal prefrontal cortex, These areas also are activated by working memory and effortful word generation tasks, suggesting that these tasks, often discussed as separable, might rely on interdependent processes, Finally, explicit (intentional) retrieval shares much of the same functional anatomy as the encoding and word generation tasks but is associated with the recruitment of additional brain areas, including the anterior prefrontal cortex (right > left), These findings illustrate how neuroimaging techniques can be used to study memory processes and can both complement and extend data derived through other means, More recently developed methods, such as event-related functional MRI, will continue this progress and may provide additional new directions for research.