Swarms of the malaria vector Anopheles funestus in Tanzania
Swarms of the malaria vector Anopheles funestus in Tanzania
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DOI：
10.1186/s12936-019-2660-y
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发表时间：
2019-01-29
期刊：
影响因子：
3
通讯作者：
Okumu, Fredros O.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Kaindoa, Emmanuel W.;Ngowo, Halfan S.;Okumu, Fredros O.
目前，坦桑尼亚东南部正在进行的疟疾传播事件的背景杂货店蚊子的贡献超过85％，即使它们发生在较低的密度下，例如Anopheles Arapiensis。不幸的是，该物种生态学的理解是最少的，部分原因是实验室定植的困难。这项研究描述了An的第一个观察结果。坦桑尼亚的Funestus群，可能会预示着控制的新机会。通过社区志愿者和专家昆虫学家进行系统的搜索，An。从2018年6月开始，在Ulanga和Kilombero地区的两个村庄和Kilombero地区发现了Funestus群，从2018年6月开始。通过观察生殖器旋转，使用聚合酶链反应和翅膀大小的生殖器旋转，物种认同来检查群中的男性蚊子样本。 Funestus（98.1％的男性（n = 570）和1.9％（n = 11）女性）和9个肛门gambiae gambiae sensu lato（S.L.）雄性（S.L.）男性使用来自两个村庄的81个确认群（Kilombero地区的Ikwambi和Tulizamoyo in ulizamoyo in ulosamoyo in ulosamoyo in ulomayo in ulomayo in ulomayo in ulomoyo in ulombero nighangabi）进行采样。在群中观察到六次交配事件。 An的平均密度（95％Cl）。 funestus在图利扎莫约（Tulizamoyo）捕获/群/村/夜晚为6.6（5.9-7.2），在伊克万比（Ikwambi）抓住了10.8（5.8-15.8）。在Tulizamoyo中发现了87.7％（n = 71），而Ikwambi中有12.3％（n = 10）。群的平均高度为170万（0.9-250万），而平均持续时间为12.9（7.9-17.9）分钟。 ThePCR分析证实了所有A的100％。 Funestus S.L.处理的样品是一个。 Funestus sensu stricto。平均机翼长度。 Funestus雄性为2.47毫米（2.0-2.8mm），但群体和室内居住的男性之间没有区别。大多数群（95.0％）发生在裸露的地面上方，某个时候在人类住宅附近的前草坪上，并且在同一地点反复进行。判定这项研究表明，AN的发生。 Funestus首次在坦桑尼亚群。进一步的调查可以通过针对群体来确定改善对这种主要疟疾载体的控制的新机会。
BackgroundAnopheles funestus mosquitoes currently contribute more than 85% of ongoing malaria transmission events in south-eastern Tanzania, even though they occur in lower densities than other vectors, such as Anopheles arabiensis. Unfortunately, the species ecology is minimally understood, partly because of difficulties in laboratory colonization. This study describes the first observations of An. funestus swarms in Tanzania, possibly heralding new opportunities for control.MethodUsing systematic searches by community-based volunteers and expert entomologists, An. funestus swarms were identified in two villages in Ulanga and Kilombero districts in south-eastern Tanzania, starting June 2018. Swarms were characterized by size, height, start- and end-times, presence of copulation and associated environmental features. Samples of male mosquitoes from the swarms were examined for sexual maturity by observing genitalia rotation, species identity using polymerase chain reaction and wing sizes.Results581 An. funestus (98.1% males (n=570) and 1.9% (n=11) females) and 9 Anopheles gambiae sensu lato (s.l.) males were sampled using sweep nets from the 81 confirmed swarms in two villages (Ikwambi in Kilombero district and Tulizamoyo in Ulanga district). Six copulation events were observed in the swarms. Mean density (95% CL) of An. funestus caught/swarm/village/evening was 6.6 (5.9-7.2) in Tulizamoyo and 10.8 (5.8-15.8) in Ikwambi. 87.7% (n=71) of the swarms were found in Tulizamoyo, while 12.3% (n=10) were in Ikwambi. Mean height of swarms was 1.7m (0.9-2.5m), while mean duration was 12.9 (7.9-17.9) minutes. ThePCR analysis confirmed that100% of all An. funestus s.l. samples processed were An. funestus sensu stricto. Mean wing length of An. funestus males was 2.47mm (2.0-2.8mm), but there was no difference between swarming males and indoor-resting males. Most swarms (95.0%) occurred above bare ground, sometime on front lawns near human dwellings, and repeatedly in the same locations.ConclusionThis study has demonstrated occurrence of An. funestus swarms for the first time in Tanzania. Further investigations could identify new opportunities for improved control of this dominant malaria vector, possibly by targeting the swarms.