The role of left prefrontal cortex in language and memory
The role of left prefrontal cortex in language and memory
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DOI：
10.1073/pnas.95.3.906
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发表时间：
1998-02-03
影响因子：
11.1
通讯作者：
Desmond, JE
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Gabrieli, JDE;Poldrack, RA;Desmond, JE
本文综述了利用正电子发射断层扫描和功能磁共振成像等功能神经成像技术表征左下前额叶皮层，特别是回前部和下半部分所介导的心理操作的尝试。该区域的激活发生在语义任务（相对于非语义任务）中，用于生成语义线索的单词或将单词或图像分类为语义类别。这种激活出现在被认为是非典型的右半球主导语言的人的右前额叶皮层。在这个区域，激活与有意义的编码相关，从而导致对刺激的卓越外显记忆和对文字和图片的内隐语义记忆（重复启动）的失活。新的研究结果表明，患有全局性失忆症的患者在与重复启动相关的同一区域表现出失活，该区域的激活反映了从众多相对较少的选择中选择一种反应。该区域的一部分激活与语音加工的语义相关。假设左下前额叶皮层的激活反映了特定领域的语义工作记忆能力，无论刺激方式如何，语义分析比非语义分析更容易被调用，单词或图片的初始语义分析比重复语义分析更容易被调用，当一种反应必须从众多而非少数合理的选择中选择时，这种反应就会产生更好的后显记忆。
This article reviews attempts to characterize the mental operations mediated by left inferior prefrontal cortex, especially the anterior and inferior portion of the gyrus, with the functional neuroimaging techniques of positron emission tomography and functional magnetic resonance imaging, Activations in this region occur during semantic, relative to nonsemantic, tasks for the generation of words to semantic cues or the classification of words or pictures into semantic categories, This activation appears in the right prefrontal cortex of people known to be atypically right-hemisphere dominant for language. In this region, activations are associated with meaningful encoding that leads to superior explicit memory for stimuli and deactivations with implicit semantic memory (repetition priming) for words and pictures, New findings are reported showing that patients with global amnesia show deactivations in the same region associated with repetition priming, that activation in this region reflects selection of a response from among numerous relative to few alternatives, and that activations in a portion of this region are associated specifically with semantic relative to phonological processing, It is hypothesized that activations in left inferior prefrontal cortex reflect a domain-specific semantic working memory capacity that is invoked more for semantic than nonsemantic analyses regardless of stimulus modality, more for initial than for repeated semantic analysis of a word or picture, more when a response must be selected from among many than few legitimate alternatives, and that yields superior later explicit memory for experiences.