The Role of the Listener: Addressee Influences on Message Formulation
The Role of the Listener: Addressee Influences on Message Formulation
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听众的角色：收件人对信息形成的影响
DOI：
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发表时间：
1987
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
R. Krauss
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
R. Krauss
心理语言学模型倾向于将言语的产生描述为一个单向的过程，在这个过程中，说话者为一般的收件人创造信息。这些特征中缺少对收信人影响为他们创建的信息的形式和内容的过程的分析。收件人至少在两个方面影响信息的形式和内容：(1)他们的个人特征有助于确定他们与说话者的共同点，从而确定说话者在制定信息时可以利用的知识；(2)在对话中，他们的在线反应可以告知说话者他们的知识状态的变化，从而了解所传递信息的交际有效性。描述了说明这些过程的一系列实验。
Psycholinguistic models tend to depict speech production as a unidirectional process in which speakers create messages for generic addressees. Missing from such characterisations is an analysis of the process by which addressees influence the form and content of messages created for them. Addressees affect message form and content in at least two ways: (1) Their personal characteristics help define the common ground they share with the speaker and, hence, the knowledge the speaker can draw upon in formulating messages; (2) In conversation, their on-line responses serve to inform the speaker about changes in their knowledge state and, hence, about the communicative effectiveness of the messages transmitted. A series of experiments illustrating these processes is described.