Floral traits differentiate pollination syndromes and species but fail to predict the identity of floral visitors to Castilleja
Floral traits differentiate pollination syndromes and species but fail to predict the identity of floral visitors to Castilleja
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DOI：
10.1002/ajb2.1784
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发表时间：
2021-10-29
影响因子：
3
通讯作者：
Busch, Jeremiah W.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hilpman, Evan T.;Busch, Jeremiah W.
动物授粉是植物繁殖的关键，并可能导致授粉综合征的趋同进化。根据花卉特征和对花卉游客的历史观察，在Castilleja的Pollycystic综合征已经被区分开来。在这里，我们解决了这些问题：（1）授粉综合征可以区分花的形态特征或挥发性有机化合物的排放量？(2)传粉综合征在种群或物种水平上的花部性状是否存在显著变异？(3)授粉综合征预测最频繁的花卉游客卡斯蒂利亚？方法对5种常见的Castilleja（C. applegatei，C. linariifolia，C. miniata，C. nana，和C. peirsonii），代表三种授粉综合征（蜜蜂，苍蝇，蜂鸟），在四个地点在内华达州山脉。我们使用非度量多维标度（NMDS）和多元线性回归来解决关键问题，在区分Castilleja和花卉游客。结果形态特征和花挥发性有机化合物可用于区分某些授粉综合征和Castilleja种。形态特征定义授粉综合征可靠，但在蜂鸟综合征，也有显着的变化种群和物种。波利尼西亚综合征是一个穷人预测游客到卡斯蒂利亚。结论Castilleja个体间花部性状的分化反映了分类学和传粉综合征。分化一般更明显的形态特征相比，挥发性有机化合物。此外，在这个系统中授粉综合征的先验概念过于简单化，无法预测哪些动物最经常访问Castilleja的自然种群。
Premise Animal pollination is critical to plant reproduction and may cause convergent evolution of pollination syndromes. Pollination syndromes in Castilleja have been distinguished based on floral traits and historical observations of floral visitors. Here we addressed these questions: (1) Can pollination syndromes be distinguished using floral morphological traits or volatile organic compound emissions? (2) Is there significant variation in floral traits within a pollination syndrome at the level of populations or species? (3) Do pollination syndromes predict the most frequent floral visitor to Castilleja? Methods Floral traits and visitation were measured for five co-occurring Castilleja species (C. applegatei, C. linariifolia, C. miniata, C. nana, and C. peirsonii), representing three pollination syndromes (bee, fly, and hummingbird), at four sites in the Sierra Nevada Mountains. We used nonmetric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) and multiple linear regressions to address key questions in the differentiation of Castilleja and floral visitors. Results Our analyses revealed that both morphological traits and floral VOCs can be used to distinguish between some pollination syndromes and Castilleja species. Morphological traits defined pollination syndromes reliably, but within the hummingbird syndrome, there was also significant variation among populations and species. Pollination syndrome was a poor predictor of visitors to Castilleja. Conclusions Floral trait differentiation among Castilleja individuals reflects both taxonomy and pollination syndromes. Differentiation was generally more evident in morphological traits compared to VOCs. Furthermore, a priori notions of pollination syndromes in this system are overly simplistic and fail to predict which animals most frequently visit Castilleja in natural populations.