Congenital melanocytic nevi: Where are we now? Part I. Clinical presentation, epidemiology, pathogenesis, histology, malignant transformation, and neurocutaneous melanosis
Congenital melanocytic nevi: Where are we now? Part I. Clinical presentation, epidemiology, pathogenesis, histology, malignant transformation, and neurocutaneous melanosis
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DOI：
10.1016/j.jaad.2012.06.023
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发表时间：
2012-10-01
影响因子：
13.8
通讯作者：
Eisen, Daniel B.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Alikhan, Ali;Ibrahimi, Omar A.;Eisen, Daniel B.
先天性黑色素细胞痣（CMN）在出生时就存在，或在出生后的最初几周内出现。它们很常见，可能具有遗传成分，并且可以在大小，形状，颜色和位置上存在显着差异。组织学和皮肤镜检查结果可能有助于诊断，但不完全特异。CMN根据大小进行分类，较大的病变可能具有显著的心理社会影响和其他并发症。它们与从良性到恶性的各种皮肤病损有关。恶性转化的风险各不相同，较大的CMN携带恶性黑色素瘤（MM）的风险显著较高，尽管绝对风险低于通常认为的风险。它们也可能与神经黑变病有关，神经黑变病可能比皮肤MM更受关注。本文提供的信息旨在帮助皮肤科医生确定何时应谨慎获取活检标本或切除这些病变，获取放射成像，并让其他专家（例如，精神科医生和神经科医生）参与患者的护理。（J Am Acad Dermatol 2012;67：495.e1-17.）
Congenital melanocytic nevi (CMN) are present at birth or arise during the first few weeks of life. They are quite common, may have a heritable component, and can present with marked differences in size, shape, color, and location. Histologic and dermatoscopic findings may help suggest the diagnosis, but they are not entirely specific. CMN are categorized based on size, and larger lesions can have a significant psychosocial impact and other complications. They are associated with a variety of dermatologic lesions, ranging from benign to malignant. The risk of malignant transformation varies, with larger CMN carrying a significantly higher risk of malignant melanoma (MM), although with an absolute risk that is lower than is commonly believed. They may also be associated with neuromelanosis, which may be of greater concern than cutaneous MM. The information presented herein aims to help dermatologists determine when it is prudent to obtain a biopsy specimen or excise these lesions, to obtain radiographic imaging, and to involve other specialists (eg, psychiatrists and neurologists) in the patient's care. (J Am Acad Dermatol 2012;67:495.e1-17.)