Epilepsy in autism: features and correlates
Epilepsy in autism: features and correlates
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DOI：
10.1192/bjp.bp.109.076877
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发表时间：
2011-04-01
影响因子：
10.5
通讯作者：
Rutter, Michael
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Boltor, Patrick F.;Carcani-Rathwell, Iris;Rutter, Michael
背景癫痫发生于E族，在孤独症个体中占显著少数，但长期随访研究报道较少，因此对癫痫的患病率、特征（癫痫发作类型、发病年龄和严重程度等）进行了综述。和相关因素（智商历史的回归，家族史）只有部分被identified.Aims进行一个长期的后续研究的个人与孤独症，以更好地了解癫痫的功能和相关性的个人与autis.Method一百五十个人诊断为孤独症在儿童期进行了随访时，他们是21岁以上。通过家长/举报人问卷对所有人进行可能癫痫发作史的筛查。进行了癫痫访谈，并审查了可能有癫痫发作史的个人的医疗记录。癫痫的特点和相关因素进行了研究，使用生存和回归analysis.Results癫痫发展中的22%的参与者。在大多数情况下，癫痫发作开始于10岁以后。全身强直阵挛性发作占主导地位（88%）。超过一半（19/33）的患者每周或更少发生癫痫发作，大多数患者（28/31）使用1 - 2种抗惊厥药后癫痫发作得到控制。癫痫与性别（女性）、智力残疾和语言能力较差有关。虽然先证者癫痫的存在与其亲属癫痫风险的增加无关，但与亲属中更广泛的自闭症表型的存在有关。这表明，自闭症的家族易感性与癫痫的风险在先证者。结论癫痫是一个重要的医疗并发症，自闭症患者的发展。癫痫发作可能首先开始于青春期或成年期。自闭症患者癫痫的假定危险因素已经确定，这些将需要在未来的研究中进一步调查。
Background Epilepsy occurs in E, significant minority of individuals with autism, but few long-term follow-up studies have been reported, so the prevalence, features (type of seizures, age at onset and severity, etc.) and correlates (IQ history of regression, family history) have only partially been identified.Aims To undertake a long-term follow-up study of individuals with autism in order to better characterise the features and correlates of epilepsy in individuals with autism.Method One hundred and fifty individuals diagnosed with autism in childhood were followed up when they were 21+ years of age. All individuals were screened for a history of possible seizures by parenta/informant questionnaire. An epilepsy interview was undertaken and medical notes reviewed for individuals with a history of possible seizures. The features and correlates of epilepsy were examined using survival and regression analysis.Results Epilepsy developed in 22% of participants. In the majority, seizures began after 10 years of age. Generalised tonic-clonic seizures predominated (88%). In over a half (19/33), seizures occurred weekly or less frequently and in the majority of individuals (28/31) they were controlled with the prescription of one to two anticonvulsants. Epilepsy was associated with gender (female), intellectual disability and poorer verbal abilities. Although the presence of epilepsy in the probands was not associated with an increased risk of epilepsy in their relatives, it was associated with the presence of the broader autism phenotype in relatives. This indicates that the familial liability to autism was associated with the risk for epilepsy in the proband.Conclusions Epilepsy is an important medical complication that develops in individuals with autism. Seizures may first begin in adolescence or adulthood. Putative risk factors for epilepsy in autism were identified and these will require further investigation in future studies.