Naturalizing anthropomorphism: Behavioral prompts to our humanizing of animals
Naturalizing anthropomorphism: Behavioral prompts to our humanizing of animals
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DOI：
10.2752/089279307780216650
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发表时间：
2007-03-01
期刊：
影响因子：
1.6
通讯作者：
Bekoff, Marc
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Horowitz, Alexandra C.;Bekoff, Marc
拟人化是利用人类特征来描述或解释非人类动物。在本文中，我们提出了一种对这种拟人化进行统一研究的模型。我们汇集了之前关于我们为什么以及如何拟人化的不同描述，并提出了一种分析拟人化行为本身的方法。我们介绍了对人类和高度拟人化的动物（家犬）之间的二元游戏的分析。在成功的狗与人游戏中，会出现四种不同的社交互动模式：一个玩家对另一个玩家的定向反应、意图的指示、相互行为和偶然活动。这些发现初步回答了“什么行为会导致拟人化？”这个问题。拟人化分析可能有助于为这种行为建立科学基础，解释其耐力，设计“栩栩如生”的机器人，以及分析人类互动。最后，讨论了这一发展中的科学领域与当代关于拟人化行为的争论的相关性。
Anthropomorphism is the use of human characteristics to describe or explain nonhuman animals. In the present paper, we propose a model for a unified study of such anthropomorphizing. We bring together previously disparate accounts of why and how we anthropomorphize and suggest a means to analyze anthropomorphizing behavior itself. We introduce an analysis of bouts of dyadic play between humans and a heavily anthropomorphized animal, the domestic dog. Four distinct patterns of social interaction recur in successful dog-human play: directed responses by one player to the other, indications of intent, mutual behaviors, and contingent activity. These findings serve as a preliminary answer to the question, "What behaviors prompt anthropomorphisms?" An analysis of anthropomorphizing is potentially useful in establishing a scientific basis for this behavior, in explaining its endurance, in the design of "lifelike" robots, and in the analysis of human interaction. Finally, the relevance of this developing scientific area to contemporary debates about anthropomorphizing behavior is discussed.