Effects of pelleting, extrusion, or extrusion and pelleting on energy and nutrient digestibility in diets containing different levels of fiber and fed to growing pigs
Effects of pelleting, extrusion, or extrusion and pelleting on energy and nutrient digestibility in diets containing different levels of fiber and fed to growing pigs
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DOI：
10.2527/jas.2015-0137
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发表时间：
2016-05-01
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
Stein, H. H.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Rojas, O. J.;Vinyeta, E.;Stein, H. H.
进行了一项实验，以确定制粒、挤压以及挤压和制粒对含有低、中或高浓度纤维的日粮中能量和营养物质消化率的影响。制定了三种日粮：1）玉米、豆粕低纤维日粮； 2) 中纤维日粮含有玉米、豆粕和 25% 的干酒糟及可溶物 (DDGS)； 3）高纤维饮食含有玉米、豆粕、25% DDGS 和 20% 大豆皮。每个饲料混合后分为4批。一批未经进一步加工，以粗粉形式饲喂，一批在 85 摄氏度下制粒，一批在 115 摄氏度下使用单螺杆挤出机挤出，一批在 115 摄氏度下挤出，然后在 85 摄氏度下制粒。因此，生产了 12 种不同的日粮。 24 头生长猪（初始体重 26.5 +/- 1.5 kg）在回肠远端安装了 T 型插管，并按照裂区设计分配到 12 种日粮，其中 8 头猪分别分配到低纤维日粮、中纤维日粮和高纤维日粮。在四个 14 天的时期内给猪喂食饲料。在每种类型的日粮中，8 头猪都饲喂采用 4 种加工技术生产的日粮。因此，每种饲料有 8 头重复猪。实验开始前，猪已调整饮食 14 天。四个 14 天周期中的每个周期包括 5 天的适应时间、5 天的根据标记到标记方法的粪便收集，以及在第 13 和 14 天收集回肠食糜。结果表明，制粒、挤压或挤压加制粒提高了淀粉和最不可或缺的 AA 的表观回肠消化率（P < 0.05）。在大多数情况下，颗粒饲料、挤压饲料以及挤压饲料和颗粒饲料之间没有差异。通过制粒以及挤压和制粒相结合，GE 的表观总消化道消化率也得到改善（P < 0.05）。低纤维和中纤维饮食中，颗粒饲料的 ME 大于膳食饲料（P < 0.05），但高纤维饮食则不然（交互作用，P < 0.05）。挤出的中纤维和高纤维饮食的 ME (P < 0.05) 高于膳食饮食，但低纤维饮食的情况并非如此。这些数据表明，通过制粒或挤压或两种技术的组合可以提高能量利用率，但在纤维含量相对较高的日粮中，挤压的反应似乎更大。
An experiment was conducted to determine effects of pelleting, extrusion, and extrusion and pelleting on energy and nutrient digestibility in diets containing low, medium, or high concentrations of fiber. Three diets were formulated: 1) the low-fiber diet contained corn and soybean meal; 2) the medium-fiber diet contained corn, soybean meal, and 25% distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS); and 3) the high-fiber diet contained corn, soybean meal, 25% DDGS, and 20% soybean hulls. Each diet was divided into 4 batches after mixing. One batch was not further processed and was fed in a meal form, one batch was pelleted at 85 degrees C, one batch was extruded at 115 degrees C using a single-screw extruder, and one batch was extruded at 115 degrees C and then pelleted at 85 degrees C. Thus, 12 different diets were produced. Twenty-four growing pigs (26.5 +/- 1.5 kg initial BW) had a T-cannula installed in the distal ileum and were allotted to the 12 diets in a split-plot design with 8 pigs allotted to the low-fiber diets, the medium-fiber diets, and the high-fiber diets, respectively. Diets were fed to the pigs during four 14-d periods. Within each type of diet, the 8 pigs were fed the diets produced using the 4 processing technologies. Therefore, there were 8 replicate pigs per diet. Pigs were adjusted to their diets for 14 d before the experiment was initiated. Each of the four 14-d periods consisted of 5 d for adaptation, 5 d of fecal collection according to the marker to marker approach, and ileal digesta were collected on d 13 and 14. Results indicated that pelleting, extrusion, or extrusion and pelleting improved (P < 0.05) the apparent ileal digestibility of starch and most indispensable AA. In most cases, there were no differences between the pelleted, the extruded, and the extruded and pelleted diets. The apparent total tract digestibility of GE was also improved (P < 0.05) by pelleting and by the combination of extrusion and pelleting. The ME of pelleted diets was greater (P < 0.05) than that of meal diets for the low-and medium-fiber diets, but this was not the case for high-fiber diets (interaction, P < 0.05). Medium-and high-fiber diets that were extruded had greater ME (P < 0.05) than meal diets, but that was not the case for low-fiber diets. These data indicate that energy utilization may be improved by pelleting or extrusion or by a combination of the 2 technologies, but the response seems to be greater for extrusion in diets that are relatively high in fiber.