Patterns in the Distribution of Two Wolf Spiders (Araneae: Lycosidae) in Two Soybean Agroecosytems
Patterns in the Distribution of Two Wolf Spiders (Araneae: Lycosidae) in Two Soybean Agroecosytems
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两种大豆农业生态系统中两种狼蛛（蜘蛛纲：狼蛛科）的分布模式
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发表时间：
1999
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通讯作者：
A. Rypstra
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作者：
S. Marshall;A. Rypstra
研究了美国俄亥俄州西南部2种大豆（Glycine max (L.)）农业生态系统中2种狼蛛的分布。我们使用了在2种不同耕作制度（保护性耕作和常规耕作）和2种狼蛛（Hogna helluo （Walckenaer）和Pardosa milvina Hentz）下维持的0.42公顷的重复大豆田。在1994-1997年的4个野外季节中，我们对蜘蛛进行了普查，发现在保护性耕作地块中，这两种蜘蛛的数量都有增加的趋势，尽管这种差异在大多数年份中没有统计学意义。在大多数人口普查日期，密尔维纳矮种也比赫罗矮种多。在我们对整个季节（1995-1997）进行普查的年份中，密尔维纳有2个种群高峰，这可能是由田间的双周期生命周期解释的。我们还发现，与传统耕作方式相比，保护性耕作方式的土壤表面有更多的植被碎片和更多的直立杂草。总体而言，保护性耕作地的猎物生物量也高于耕作地。这些栖息地结构和猎物可得性的差异与两种狼蛛的丰度差异呈正相关。在田间和室内进行的基质选择试验结果表明，保护性耕作地土壤表面的植被碎屑较多，这可能是保护性耕作地两种物种密度较高的原因。
We studied the distribution of 2 wolf spider species in 2 soybean, Glycine max (L.), agroecosystems in southwestern Ohio, USA. We used replicated 0.42-ha soybean fields maintained under 2 different tillage regimes (conservation tillage and conventional tillage) and 2 wolf spider species [ Hogna helluo (Walckenaer) and Pardosa milvina Hentz]. We censused the spiders over 4 field seasons (1994–1997) and found a tendency for there to be more of both species in the conservation tillage plots, although this difference was not statistically significant in most years. There were also more P. milvina than H. helluo on most census dates. P. milvina had 2 population peaks in the years we censused for the whole season (1995–1997), which may be explained by a bivoltine life cycle in the fields. We also found that the conservation-tilled fields had more vegetative debris on the soil surface and more standing weeds than the conventionally tilled fields. The conservation-tilled fields also had a greater prey biomass than the tilled fields overall. These differences in habitat structure and prey availability were positively correlated with differences in the abundances of the 2 wolf spider species. The results of substratum-choice experiments conducted in the field and laboratory indicate that the greater vegetative debris on the soil surface in the conservation tillage fields may explain the greater densities of both species in these fields.