Associations between dairy foods, diabetes, and metabolic health: potential mechanisms and future directions.
Associations between dairy foods, diabetes, and metabolic health: potential mechanisms and future directions.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.metabol.2014.02.009
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发表时间：
2014-05
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Adams SH
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Hirahatake KM;Slavin JL;Maki KC;Adams SH
流行病学证据支持充足的乳制品摄入量与2型糖尿病（T2D）易感性之间的反比关系。这种联系的生物学机制尚待确定。这篇综述提供了一个当前的观点，提出的机制，可能是这些影响的基础，并强调如何随机临床试验可以应用于调查这些关系。流行病学研究的结果通常支持牛奶和乳制品的消费与T2D的发病率降低或葡萄糖稳态指数的改善相关，动物和细胞模型的研究支持富含乳制品的饮食或成分对与T2D和胰岛素抵抗相关的代谢和炎症因子的积极影响。新出现的证据表明，改变线粒体功能的乳制品成分（例如，亮氨酸对沉默信息调节转录物1（SIRT1）相关途径的作用），促进肠道微生物群转移，或影响炎症和心血管功能（例如，钙调节肽（降钙素基因相关肽[CGRP]或降钙素）应被视为可能的机制因素，将乳制品摄入量与T2D风险降低联系起来。还提出了乳源性反式棕榈油酸（tC16：1）具有代谢生物活性的可能性。需要专门针对这些参数的临床前和临床研究，以验证有关乳制品及其成分对葡萄糖耐量决定因素的潜在作用的假设，特别是胰岛素敏感性，胰腺内分泌功能和T2D发展风险个体的炎症。这些实验将补充流行病学研究，并为有关乳制品及其个别成分消费的建议提供证据基础。
Epidemiological evidence supports an inverse relationship between adequate intake of dairy foods and susceptibility to type 2 diabetes (T2D). The biological mechanisms responsible for this association remain to be established. This review provides a current perspective on proposed mechanisms that may underlie these effects, and highlights how randomized clinical trials can be applied to investigate these relationships. Results from epidemiological studies generally support that consumption of milk and dairy products is associated with a lower incidence of T2D or improvements in glucose homeostasis indices, and studies of animal and cell models support a positive effect of dairy-rich diets or components on metabolic and inflammation factors relevant to T2D and insulin resistance. Emerging evidence indicates that dairy components that alter mitochondrial function (e.g., leucine actions on silent information regulator transcript 1 (SIRT1)-associated pathways), promote gut microbial population shifts, or influence inflammation and cardiovascular function (e.g., Ca-regulated peptides calcitonin gene-related peptide [CGRP] or calcitonin) should be considered as possible mechanistic factors linking dairy intake with lower risk for T2D. The possibility that dairy-derived trans-palmitoleic acid (tC16:1) has metabolic bioactivities has also been proposed. Pre-clinical and clinical studies focusing specifically on these parameters are needed to validate hypotheses regarding the potential roles of dairy products and their components on the determinants of glucose tolerance, particularly insulin sensitivity, pancreatic endocrine function, and inflammation in individuals at-risk for T2D development. Such experiments would complement epidemiological studies and add to the evidence base for recommendations regarding consumption of dairy products and their individual components.