Simulated Greenland Surface Mass Balance in the GISS ModelE2 GCM: Role of the Ice Sheet Surface

Simulated Greenland Surface Mass Balance in the GISS ModelE2 GCM: Role of the Ice Sheet Surface
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GISS ModelE2 GCM 中模拟的格陵兰表面质量平衡:冰盖表面的作用

DOI:
10.1029/2018jf004772
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发表时间:
2019
期刊:
Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Schmidt, G. A.
Schmidt, G. A.
中科院分区:
--
文献类型:
--
作者:
Alexander, P. M.;LeGrande, A. N.;Fischer, E.;Tedesco, M.;Fettweis, X.;Kelley, M.;Nowicki, S. M. J.;Schmidt, G. A.

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格陵兰和南极冰盖的增长或退缩速度仍然是未来海平面变化的一个高度不确定的组成部分。在这里,我们研究模拟格陵兰冰盖表面质量平衡(GrIS SMB)的ModelE 2版本的美国宇航局戈达德空间研究所(GISS)的大气环流模型(GCM)的发展分支。与极地区域气候模式相比,GCM在代表SMB的能力上往往是有限的。我们比较了ModelE 2模拟的GrIS SMB在当前(1996-2005年)的模拟,海洋条件固定,空间分辨率为2°纬度× 2.5°经度(~200 km),与区域气候模式(MAR)模拟的SMB(1996-2005年,分辨率为25 km)。模式E2 SMB与MAR SMB总体上一致,但差异的空间格局明显,部分SMB组分差异较大。测试了模型E2表面变化的影响,包括SMB的亚网格尺度表示与表面高程等级。这对冰盖范围的SMB影响最小,但纠正了局部偏差。用卫星导出的值和年龄相关方案取代固定的表面融化具有更大的影响,使模拟融化增加60%-100%。我们还发现,较低的表面反射率可以增强高程类的效果。将模型E2表面粗糙度长度减小至更接近MAR的值可使升华减少约50%。需要进一步的工作来解释ModelE 2中的融水再冻结,并了解大气过程和模型分辨率的差异如何影响模拟SMB。
The rate of growth or retreat of the Greenland and Antarctic ice sheets remains a highly uncertain component of future sea level change. Here we examine the simulation of Greenland ice sheet surface mass balance (GrIS SMB) in a development branch of the ModelE2 version of the NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies (GISS) general circulation model (GCM). GCMs are often limited in their ability to represent SMB compared with polar region regional climate models. We compare ModelE2‐simulated GrIS SMB for present‐day (1996–2005) simulations with fixed ocean conditions, at a spatial resolution of 2° latitude by 2.5° longitude (~200 km), with SMB simulated by the Modèle Atmosphérique Régionale (MAR) regional climate model (1996–2005 at a 25‐km resolution). ModelE2 SMB agrees well with MAR SMB on the whole, but there are distinct spatial patterns of differences and large differences in some SMB components. The impacts of changes to the ModelE2 surface are tested, including a subgrid‐scale representation of SMB with surface elevation classes. This has a minimal effect on ice sheet‐wide SMB but corrects local biases. Replacing fixed surface albedo with satellite‐derived values and an age‐dependent scheme has a larger impact, increasing simulated melt by 60%–100%. We also find that lower surface albedo can enhance the effects of elevation classes. Reducing ModelE2 surface roughness length to values closer to MAR reduces sublimation by ~50%. Further work is required to account for meltwater refreezing in ModelE2 and to understand how differences in atmospheric processes and model resolution influence simulated SMB.
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DOI: --
发表时间: 2017
期刊:
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发表时间: 2015
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发表时间: 2015
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DOI: 10.1016/j.jqsrt.2013.07.002
发表时间: 2013-11-01
影响因子: 2.3
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Rothman, L. S.;Gordon, I. E.;Wagner, G.
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DOI: 10.5194/tc-8-2293-2014
发表时间: 2014-01-01
期刊: CRYOSPHERE
影响因子: 5.2
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