The genetic legacy of Zoroastrianism in Iran and India: Insights into population structure, gene flow and selection
The genetic legacy of Zoroastrianism in Iran and India: Insights into population structure, gene flow and selection
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DOI：
10.1101/128272
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发表时间：
2017-04
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通讯作者：
Saioa López;Mark George Thomas;L. Dorp;N. Ansari-Pour;Sarah D Stewart;Abigail L. Jones;Erik Jelinek;L. Chikhi;T. Parfitt;N. Bradman;M. Weale;G. Hellenthal
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作者：
Saioa López;Mark George Thomas;L. Dorp;N. Ansari-Pour;Sarah D Stewart;Abigail L. Jones;Erik Jelinek;L. Chikhi;T. Parfitt;N. Bradman;M. Weale;G. Hellenthal
琐罗亚斯德教是世界上现存最古老的宗教之一，起源于公元前第二个千年的波斯（今天的伊朗）。历史记录表明，来自波斯的移民将琐罗亚斯德教带到印度，但对这些移民的时间存在争议。在这里，我们提出了新的全基因组常染色体、y染色体和线粒体数据，来自伊朗和印度琐罗亚斯德教教徒以及邻近的现代印度和伊朗人群，对这些群体进行了首次全基因组遗传分析。利用强大的基于单倍型的技术，我们发现伊朗和印度的琐罗亚斯德教徒相对于各自国家的其他样本群体表现出更高的遗传同质性，这与他们目前的内婚制做法一致。尽管如此，我们表明，印度琐罗亚斯德教徒（帕西人）在到达印度后的一段时间内与当地群体混合，这种混合可以追溯到公元690-1390年，并提供了强有力的证据，证明移民群体主要由琐罗亚斯德教男性组成。通过利用来自古代人类遗骸的丰富DNA信息，我们还强调了伊朗琐罗亚斯德教祖先的混合时间可追溯到公元前570年至公元746年，比其他任何伊朗样本群体的混合时间都要早，这与长期以来琐罗亚斯德教与外部群体的隔离一致。最后，我们报告了在现代琐罗亚斯德教徒中显示出积极选择特征的基因组区域，这可能与这些社区中特定疾病的流行有关。
Zoroastrianism is one of the oldest extant religions in the world, originating in Persia (present-day Iran) during the second millennium BCE. Historical records indicate that migrants from Persia brought Zoroastrianism to India, but there is debate over the timing of these migrations. Here we present novel genome-wide autosomal, Y-chromosome and mitochondrial data from Iranian and Indian Zoroastrians and neighbouring modern-day Indian and Iranian populations to conduct the first genome-wide genetic analysis in these groups. Using powerful haplotype-based techniques, we show that Zoroastrians in Iran and India show increased genetic homogeneity relative to other sampled groups in their respective countries, consistent with their current practices of endogamy. Despite this, we show that Indian Zoroastrians (Parsis) intermixed with local groups sometime after their arrival in India, dating this mixture to 690-1390 CE and providing strong evidence that the migrating group was largely comprised of Zoroastrian males. By exploiting the rich information in DNA from ancient human remains, we also highlight admixture in the ancestors of Iranian Zoroastrians dated to 570 BCE-746 CE, older than admixture seen in any other sampled Iranian group, consistent with a long-standing isolation of Zoroastrians from outside groups. Finally, we report genomic regions showing signatures of positive selection in present-day Zoroastrians that might correlate to the prevalence of particular diseases amongst these communities.