Distinct bacterial communities in tropical island aquifers
Distinct bacterial communities in tropical island aquifers
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0232265
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发表时间：
2020-04
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
M. Kirs;V. Kisand;Craig E. Nelson;Tineill Dudoit;P. Moravcik
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
M. Kirs;V. Kisand;Craig E. Nelson;Tineill Dudoit;P. Moravcik
地下水生物群落是一个特征不明显的栖息地，假设拥有独特多样的细菌群落;这些群落与相关土壤的不同程度是环境微生物学的核心问题。我们的特点是在37个含水层和32个表层土壤样品的细菌群落组成的O 'Hawai，夏威夷的O' hawai岛。含水层样品中相对丰富的几种细菌门（Acetotheimer，Omnitrophica，Parcubacteria，Peregrinibacteria）在土壤中很少或不存在。在深层含水层中检测到的巨大细菌多样性表明，这些环境并不像预期的那样同质，但为各种细菌提供了各种生态位和能源。一小部分OTU广泛分布在所有的基底（0.63%）和所有的堤防含水层（0.31%）的样品。然而，这些核心细菌组成的平均31.8%（16.2%-62.0%）和15.4%（0.1%-31.5%）的所有序列分离的基底和堤含水层分别。细菌群落组成显着相关的钠，硫酸盐，钾，总溶解固体，硝酸盐，电导率，和pH值的基础含水层，而磷酸盐和碳酸氢盐水平也非常重要时，堤坝水样包括在分析中。这是一致的高相对丰富的假定chemolithoautoroph类群在含水层社区相对于土壤。有针对性的分子和文化为基础的粪便指示微生物分析表明，良好的含水层水质。独特的，深深的分支谱系在热带含水层的优势强调了一个大的适应潜力，在奥陶纪的含水层，地下水样本之间的变异性表明，含水层的栖息地是令人惊讶的变量可能窝藏各种化能无机营养能源。虽然常规和替代指标的平行分析表明良好的地下水水质，这项研究要求地下水监测计划，将考虑公众以及生态系统的健康。
The groundwater biome is a poorly characterized habitat hypothesized to harbor uniquely diverse bacterial communities; the degree to which these communities differ from associated soils is a central question in environmental microbiology. We characterized the Bacterial community composition in 37 aquifer and 32 surface soil samples across the island of O‘ahu, Hawaiʻi. Several bacterial phyla (Acetothermia, Omnitrophica, Parcubacteria, Peregrinibacteria) relatively abundant in the aquifer samples were rare to absent in the soils. Immense bacterial diversity detected in the deep aquifers indicates that these environments are not as homogenous as expected, but provide various niches and energy sources for wide variety of bacteria. A small proportion of OTUs were widespread in all the basal (0.63%) and all the dike aquifer (0.31%) samples. However, these core bacteria comprised an average of 31.8% (ranging 16.2%-62.0%) and 15.4% (0.1%-31.5%) of all sequences isolated from the basal and dike aquifers respectively. Bacterial community composition correlated significantly with the sodium, sulfate, potassium, total dissolved solids, nitrate, conductivity, and pH in the basal aquifers, while phosphate and bicarbonate levels were also highly important when dike water samples were included in the analyses. This was consistent with high relative abundance of putative chemolithoautoroph taxa in the aquifer communities relative to soils. Targeted molecular and culture-based fecal indicator microbial analyses indicated good water quality of aquifers. The dominance of unique, deeply branching lineages in tropical aquifers emphasizes a large adaptive potential in O‘ahu’s aquifers; variability among groundwater samples suggests that aquifer habitats are surprisingly variable potentially harboring a variety of chemolithotrophic energy sources. Although parallel analyses of conventional and alternative indicators indicated good groundwater quality, this study calls for groundwater monitoring programs which would consider public as well as ecosystem health.