RDoC and Psychopathology among Youth: Misplaced Assumptions and an Agenda for Future Research
RDoC and Psychopathology among Youth: Misplaced Assumptions and an Agenda for Future Research
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DOI：
10.1080/15374416.2020.1750022
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发表时间：
2020-05-03
影响因子：
4.2
通讯作者：
Hinshaw, Stephen P.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Beauchaine, Theodore P.;Hinshaw, Stephen P.
研究领域标准（RDoC）已有10多年历史，在成人精神病理学文献中获得了令人印象深刻的吸引力，但儿童和青少年精神病理学家的热情却有些落后。我们认为可能的原因RDoC还没有被完全接受在儿童和青少年的文献。我们强调共同的，相互关联的，有时过时的假设，阻碍RDoC可以促进的科学进步。传统上，儿童和青少年精神病理学家使用行为综合征作为验证生物标志物的金标准，即使行为综合征通常以较低的精度测量;试图确定单一生物功能对单一行为综合征的主要影响，从而忽视了对生物标志物的影响。（即使是隐含的）精神病理学压倒性的病因复杂性;预期1：1生物功能和行为之间的对应关系，尽管有证据表明，支持行为的核心生物系统在功能上是相互依赖的（即，调节彼此）;并且没有考虑同型和异型共构和连续性的神经生物学机制。使用我们工作中的例子，我们展示了一个发展的，RDOC知情的方法来外化行为丰富了我们对精神病理学的理解。我们还为未来的研究提供了一个议程，其中包括呼吁（1）在研究精神病理学时采用神经系统优先的方法，而不是疾病优先的方法，（2）通过将环境风险介质整合到我们的病因生理模型中来避免生物还原论，（3）将神经脆弱性整合到精神病理学的经验潜在结构中，以及（4）用计算方法代替零假设显著性检验，该计算方法通过评估RDoC结构之间的功能依赖性来适应病因学的复杂性，包括正效价系统（方法）、负效价系统（回避）和唤醒/调节系统（自我调节）。
Now over 10 years old, the Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) has gained impressive traction in the adult psychopathology literature, but enthusiasm among child and adolescent psychopathologists lags somewhat behind. We consider possible reasons why RDoC has not been embraced fully in the child and adolescent literatures. We emphasize common, interrelated, and sometimes outdated assumptions that impede scientific progress that RDoC could facilitate. Traditionally, child and adolescent psychopathologists have used behavioral syndromes as gold standards against which biological markers are validated, even though behavioral syndromes are often measured with less precision; sought to identify large main effects of single biological functions on single behavioral syndromes, thereby ignoring (even if implicitly) the overwhelming etiological complexity of psychopathology; expected 1:1 correspondencies between biological functions and behaviors, despite evidence that core biological systems subserving behavior arefunctionally interdependent(i.e., modulate one another); and failed to consider neurobiological mechanisms of homotypic and heterotypic comorbidity and continuity. Using examples from our work, we show how a developmental, RDoC-informed approach to externalizing behavior enriches our understanding of psychopathology. We also provide an agenda for future research, which includes calls to (1) adopt neural-systems-first approaches over disorder-first approaches when studying psychopathology, (2) eschew biological reductionism by integrating environmental risk mediators into our etiopathophysiological models, (3) integrate neural vulnerabilities into the empirical latent structure of psychopathology, and (4) replace null hypothesis significance testing with computational approaches that accommodate etiological complexity by evaluating functional dependencies among RDoC constructs, including positive valence systems (approach), negative valence systems (avoidance), and arousal/regulatory systems (self-regulation).