The isolation of pathogenic bacteria from used emulsion oils.
The isolation of pathogenic bacteria from used emulsion oils.
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从用过的乳化油中分离病原菌。
DOI：
10.1128/aem.4.6.332-338.1956
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发表时间：
1956
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
C. Tant
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
E. Bennett;C. Tant
乳化油由妥尔油、松香、石油磺酸盐等皂乳化的石油油以及防锈剂、偶联剂等添加剂组成。该润滑剂以无水浓缩物的形式出售给客户，客户按 1 份油与 20 至 40 份水的比例用水稀释。稀释后的物料形成稳定的乳白色乳液，具有石油的润滑性能和水的冷却性能。这些冷却剂可以从连接到机器的一个容量为 50 至 100 加仑的单独水箱供应到切割和磨床，也可以从为许多机器供应的包含数千加仑的大型油箱供应。冷却剂流过正在加工的金属，然后返回到单独的水箱或油槽，并从中再循环。出售给客户时，浓缩乳化油实际上不含细菌。开放式循环系统为乳液提供了充分的机会被细菌污染，因为乳液流过工人的手并收集在机器周围的盘中，工人可能会向其中吐口水或小便。进入乳液的细菌能够氧化润滑剂，导致腐败，产生令人作呕的气味和乳液不稳定。必须丢弃变质的乳液，清洁机器，并添加新鲜的冷却液，这会造成相当大的生产损失。近年来，切削乳液中的细菌含量受到了广泛关注。研究旨在了解细菌破坏乳液的机制。确定控制细菌腐败的方法；并确定在工业条件下乳化油是否可能含有致病微生物。 Rosenberger (1922) 研究了油乳液的细菌菌群，并报告了产芽孢杆菌和非芽孢杆菌的存在。 Lee 和 Chandler (1941) 发现切割乳液中的主要生物体是一个新物种，即食油假单胞菌 (Pseudomonas oleovorans)。达菲特等人。 (1943) 发现从 30 种不同的乳化油样品中分离出的大多数物种属于假单胞菌属。除了食油假单胞菌、铜绿假单胞菌、两种无色杆菌、产气杆菌、大肠杆菌芽孢杆菌以及酵母和霉菌外，他们还分离出了六种新的假单胞菌。每个乳液样品通常包含几个不同的物种和属。 Weirich (1943) 发现大肠杆菌是切割乳液中第二或第三常见的微生物，并且还指出了微球菌和铜绿假单胞菌的存在。 C. B. Dolge 公司（未注明日期的小册子）报告称，存在大量大肠杆菌，偶尔存在链球菌和微球菌。 Pivnick (1952) 发现了微球菌、八叠球菌、黄杆菌、弧菌和许多种假单胞菌。 Bennett (1956) 报道了副大肠杆菌的分离。和沙门氏菌。来自使用过的切割乳液。 Pivnick 和 Fabian (1954) 在检查的样品中没有发现大肠杆菌；然而，他们分离出了产气杆菌和产气大肠杆菌中间体以及假单胞菌。 Pivnick (1955) 从乳化油中分离出一个新物种：冬红假单胞菌 (Pseudomonas rubescens)。 Bennett 和 Wheeler (1954) 发现大量化脓性微球菌。一家工厂的用过的样本中含有金黄色葡萄球菌，该工厂的几名工人患有化脓性感染。
Emulsion oils consist of petroleum oils emulsified with soaps of tall oil, rosin, petroleum sulfonate, and so forth, and additional additives such as rust inhibitors and coupling agents. The lubricant is sold as a water-free concentrate to the customer, who dilutes it with water in ratios of 1 part oil to 20 to 40 parts water. The diluted material forms a stable milk-white emulsion which has the lubricating properties of petroleum and the cooling properties of water. These coolants are supplied to the cutting and grinding machines either from an individual tank containing 50 to 100 gal, attached to the machine, or from large sumps containing thousands of gallons which supply many machines. The coolant flows over the metal being worked and then returns to the individual tank or sump, from which it is recirculated. Emulsion oil concentrates are practically free of bacteria when sold to the customer. The open circulation systems offer ample opportunity for the emulsion to become contaminated with bacteria as it flows over the hands of workers and collects in pans around the machines into which the workers may spit or urinate. The bacteria that find their way into the emulsion are capable of oxidizing the lubricant, resulting in spoilage, with the production of nauseating odors and emulsion instability. It is necessary to discard the spoiled emulsion, clean the machine, and add fresh coolant, with considerable loss in production. In recent years the bacterial content of cutting emulsions has received considerable attention. Research has been directed toward understanding the mechanisms by which bacteria spoil the emulsion; determining methods for controlling bacterial spoilage; and determining whether, under industrial conditions, emulsion oils may contain disease-producing microorganisms. Rosenberger (1922) investigated the bacterial flora of oil emulsions and reported the presence of both sporeforming and nonsporeforming bacilli. Lee and Chandler (1941) found the principal organisms in cutting emulsions to be a new species, Pseudomonas oleovorans. Duffett et al. (1943) found that the majority of the species isolated from 30 different emulsion oil samples belonged to the genus Pseudomonas. In addition to P. oleovorans, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, two species of Achromobacter, Aerobacter aerogenes, Escherichia coli Bacillus alvei, and also yeasts and molds, they isolated six new species of pseudomonads. Each emulsion sample usually contained several different species and genera. Weirich (1943) found E. coli to be the second or third most common organism found in cutting emulsions, and also noted the presence of micrococci and P. aeruginrosa. The C. B. Dolge Company (undated pamphlet) reported that E. coli was present in large numbers, and that streptococci and micrococci were occasionally present. Pivnick (1952) found micrococci, Sarcina, Flavobacterium, Vibrio, and many species of pseudomonads. Bennett (1956) reported the isolation of a Paracolobactrum sp. and a Salmonella sp. from used cutting emulsions. Pivnick and Fabian (1954) did not find E. coli in samples examined; however, they isolated A. aerogenes and coli-aerogenes intermediates as well as pseudomonads. Pivnick (1955) isolated a new species, Pseudomonas rubescens, from emulsion oils. Bennett and Wheeler (1954) found large numbers of Micrococcus pyogenes var. aureus in a used sample from a plant where several workers were suffering from pyogenic infections.