The European Union's Reform in Rules of Origin and International Trade: Evidence from Cambodia
The European Union's Reform in Rules of Origin and International Trade: Evidence from Cambodia
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欧盟原产地规则和国际贸易改革：来自柬埔寨的证据
DOI：
10.1111/twec.13108
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发表时间：
2021
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Kiyoyasu Tanaka
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Tanaka Kiyoyasu;Fukunishi Takahiro;Yasushi Iwamoto;Kiyoyasu Tanaka;鈴木 唯 鈴木 紫;鈴木 紫;Kiyoyasu Tanaka
欧盟（EU）根据普惠制（GSP）单方面给予发展中国家进入欧盟市场的优惠待遇。为了获得优惠准入，受益国的出口商必须遵守欧盟普惠制中的原产地规则（ROO）。以前的原产地规则被批评为限制性的，因为出口商的生产成本随着对来自成本最低的第三国的进口投入的限制以及原产地证明的行政程序的限制而增加。欧盟于 2011 年 1 月 1 日简化了限制性原产地规则。然而，欧盟改革对受益经济体的影响在很大程度上仍未得到探索。本文估计了 2007 年至 2015 年期间简化原产地规则对受益国柬埔寨服装出口的因果影响。在新的原产地规则中，柬埔寨等最不发达受益国的服装出口商可以使用来自任何第三国的进口面料，并仍然保持优惠准入。我采用双重差分法并提供证据来支持平行趋势假设。结果显示，2011年之后，柬埔寨对欧盟的服装出口增长了112%，与此同时，中国对柬埔寨的纺织品进口也急剧增加。 2011年以后，服装行业的外国直接投资流入量急剧增加，但纺织行业的外国直接投资流入量却下降。
The European Union (EU) has unilaterally granted developing countries preferential access to EU markets under the Generalized System of Preferences (GSP). To obtain preferential access, exporters in beneficiary countries must follow the rules of origin (ROO) in the EU’s GSP. Previous ROO were criticised as restrictive, because exporters’ production costs increase with a restriction on imported inputs from the lowest‐cost third countries and the administrative process of proving origin. The EU simplified the restrictive ROO on January 1, 2011. However, the impact of the EU’s reform on beneficiary economies remains largely unexplored. This paper estimates the causal impact of simplifying ROO on garment exports in a beneficiary country, Cambodia, during the period 2007–2015. In the new ROO, garment exporters in least developing beneficiaries such as Cambodia can use imported fabric from any third country and still maintain preferential access. I adopt a difference‐in‐differences method and provide evidence to support the parallel trends assumption. The results show that garment exports to the EU increased by 112% after 2011, which coincided with a sharp increase in textile imports from China to Cambodia. Foreign direct investment inflows increased sharply after 2011 in the garment sector but decreased in the textile sector.